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Flashcards in Chapter 9 Deck (43)
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0
Q

Dependency theory

A

Theory of international relations holding that major states influence other states though their economic power

1
Q

Calorie consumption

A

The total number of calories in a daily diet allocation

2
Q

Energy consumption

A

The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as a raw material input to a manufacturing process

3
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

An investment abroad, usually where the company being invested in is controlled by the foreign corporation

4
Q

Secondary sector

A

Includes manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials into useful products

5
Q

Development

A

The process of growth, expansion, or realization of potential, bringing regional resources into full productive use

7
Q

Gross domestic product

A

The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country

8
Q

Human development index

A

Recognizes that a country’s level of development is a function of all three of these factors

10
Q

Primary sector

A

Directly extracts materials from Earth through agriculture

11
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Involves the provisions of goods and services to people in exchange for payment

12
Q

Gender Empowerment Index

A

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making

13
Q

Physical quality of life index

A

An attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country

14
Q

Core-periphery model

A

A model of the spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating core region

14
Q

Cultural convergence

A

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly use technology and organizational structures in the modern world united by improved transportation and communication

15
Q

Levels of development

A

The study of how countries develop financially

16
Q

Measures of development

A

The process of achieving an optimum level of health and well-being. It includes physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, educational, economic, and cultural components

17
Q

Neo-colonialism

A

A disparaging reference to economic and political policies by which major developed countries are seen to retain or extend influence over the economies of less developed countries and peoples

18
Q

Third world

A

A term applied to countries considered not fully developed or in a state of underdevelopment

19
Q

Gross national product

A

The total value of goods and services (with some adjustments) including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country during a specified period (usually a year).

19
Q

Purchasing power parity

A

A monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country

20
Q

Rostow, W.W.

A

Prominent for his role in the shaping of American policy in Southeast Asia during the 1960s, he was a staunch opponent of communism, and was noted for a belief in the efficacy of capitalism and free enterprise

21
Q

Technology gap

A

The contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment

22
Q

World systems theory

A

Immanuel Wallerstein’s theoretical approach which analyzes societies in terms of their position within global systems

23
Q

Technology transfer

A

The diffusion to or acquisition by one culture or retention of the technology possessed by another, usually more developed, society.

24
Q

Agricultural labor force

A

A measure of the participating portion of an economy’s labor force

25
Q

Subsistence economies

A

A type of economy in which human groups live off the land with little or no surplus

26
Q

More developed country

A

A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum

27
Q

Less developed country

A

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

28
Q

The north and south split

A

For the most part, the northern half of the Earth is where all the MDCs are located while the southern half is where the LDCs are located

29
Q

Value added

A

In manufacturing, the gross value of the product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it

30
Q

MDC vs LDC

A

MDC : tertiary level

LDC: primary and secondary levels

31
Q

Productivity

A

The productivity is higher in MDCs than LDCs because they have more access to tools and technologies

32
Q

Manufacturing regions of the world

A

East Asia, Japan, Latin America

33
Q

Globalization’s impact on local trade

A

Locally owned small businesses now have to join together to receive aid from the banks because they are not large enough otherwise

34
Q

Fair trade

A

Products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs

35
Q

Stages of Growth model

A

Five stage model of development

  1. The traditional society
  2. The preconditions for takeoff
  3. The takeoff
  4. The drive to maturity
  5. The age of mass consumption
36
Q

Distribution

A

Arrangement of features in space; three main properties: density, concentration, pattern

37
Q

Transportation systems

A

Products that promote better transportation and communications are accessible to virtually all residents in MDCs and are vital to the economy

38
Q

NGOs

A

Organization not run by a government but by a charity or private organization that supplies resources and money to local businesses and causes advancing economic and human development.

39
Q

Informal economy

A

Economic activity that is niether tazed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that governments Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy

40
Q

Outsourcing

A

The physical separation of some economic activities from the main production facility, usually for the purpose of employing cheaper labor

41
Q

Economic sectors

A

Primary, secondary and tertiary levels

42
Q

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

A

Compared the level of development of women with that of both sexes