Chapter 8 Psychological Tests and Measurement Scales Flashcards Preview

Research Methods And Statistics In Psychology > Chapter 8 Psychological Tests and Measurement Scales > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 8 Psychological Tests and Measurement Scales Deck (32)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Likert

A

Scale using a response format where respondents select responses to an item from an ordered range and a ranked score is given to the response

2
Q

Semantic differential

A

Scale measuring meaning of an object for the respondent by having them place it between the extremes of several bi-polar adjectives

3
Q

Thurstone

A

Scale in which raters assess the relative strength of each item and respondents agreeing with that item receive the average ‘scale value’ for it

4
Q

Visual analogue

A

Scale where respondents mark their position on a line between two polar opposites and the distance of their make from one extreme is measured and becomes a score

5
Q

Diagnostic item

A

Scale item not obviously or directly connected to the attitude objects, yet which correlates well with overall scores and therefore has discriminatory power and predictive power

6
Q

Discriminatory power

A

Extent to which an item, or the test as a whole, separates people along the scoring dimension

7
Q

Disguise

A

Feature of questioning approach that keeps respondents ignorant of the aims of the questioning

8
Q

Factor analysis

A

Statistical technique, using patterns of test or sub-test correlations, that provides support for theoretical constructs by locating correlational ‘clusters’ and identifying explanatory factors

9
Q

Psychometric test

A

Test the attempts to quantify through measurement psychological constructs such as skills, abilities, character etc.

10
Q

Psychometrist/psychometrician

A

Person who creates and is a specialist with psychometric tests

11
Q

Psychometry

A

The technology of test creation for the quantification of psychological constructs

12
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency of a psychological scale

13
Q

Cronbach’s alpha

A

A measure of scale reliability using the variance of respondents’ scores on each item in relation to the overall variance on the scale

14
Q

Item analysis

A

Checking each item in a scale by comparing its relationship with total scores on the scale

15
Q

Kuder-Richardson

A

A special form of Cronbach’s alpha performed on a test with dichotomous items

16
Q

Split-half

A

Correlation between scores on two equal parts of a test

17
Q

External

A

Consistency of a test with itself when administered more than once

18
Q

Test-retest

A

Testing of the same group of respondents twice on separate occasions in order to estimate external reliability

19
Q

Internal

A

Consistency between the items of a scale or test. Tendency for people to score at the same strength on similar items.

20
Q

Response (acquiescence) set

A

Tendency for people to agree with test items as a habitual response

21
Q

Scale value

A

On a Thurstone scale, the average of judges’ ratings of an item; respondent is given this score if they agree with it

22
Q

Spearman-Brown correlation

A

In split-half reliability testing, provides an estimate of the true split-half reliability value from the correlation between two test halves, recognising that the raw split-half correlation is based on a set of items only half the length of the actual scale

23
Q

Standardisation

A

Setting up of measurement norms for the populations for whom a psychometric test is intended

24
Q

Test norms

A

Test statistics for known and identifiable groups who have taken the test. These can be used to make a fair comparison for individual test takers.

25
Q

Validity

A

Extent to which a test measures the construct that is was intended to measure

26
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Extent to which test results conform with those on another test assumed to measure the same construct and taken at the same time

27
Q

Construct validity

A

Extent to which the existence of a construct is established through an interlinked set of diverse research findings. The theoretical establishment of a psychological construct through concerted and logically related psychological research.

28
Q

Content validity

A

Extent to which test covers the whole of the relevant topic area, as assessed by experts

29
Q

Criterion validity

A

Extent to which test scores can predict phenomena such as difference between groups

30
Q

Face validity

A

Extent to which the purpose of a test is self-evident

31
Q

Known groups

A

Test of criterion validity involving groups between whom scores on the test should differ

32
Q

Predictive validity

A

Extent to which test scores can be used to make a specific prediction on some other variable