Chapter 8: Political Divisions: Personal Rule and the Short Parliament Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 8: Political Divisions: Personal Rule and the Short Parliament Deck (37)
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1
Q

What 3 governing bodies did Charles rely on during his personal rule?

A

Privy Council.
Star Chamber.
Court of High Commission.

2
Q

Who were some prominent members of the privy council during Charles personal rule?

A

Weston.
Laud.
Juxon.

3
Q

What was the Star Chamber?

A
  • Privy Council members selected by the King.

- Held court cases in secret.

4
Q

What was the Court of High Commission?

A
  • Chief court of the church.
  • Used by Laud.
  • Found guilty? sentenced by Star Chamber.
5
Q

How much debt was Charles in by 1629?

A

£2 million.

6
Q

How did Charles save money in the very early stages of his personal rule?

A
  • Peace with France 1629 - Treaty of Susa.
  • Peace with Spain 1630 - Treaty of Madrid.
  • Weston’s court finance reform.
7
Q

What dates were Charles personal rule?

A

1629-40.

8
Q

What are 5 ways Charles increase his income through his prerogative right during his personal rule?

A
  • Tonnage and poundage.
  • New book of rates.
  • Monopoly act loop hole - grants given to corporations eg/ soap to group of Catholics.
  • Increased recusancy fines.
  • SHIP MONEY - levies to all towns, despite there being no war and only mean’t for coastal towns.
9
Q

Why did Charles’ raising of ship money during his personal rule cause such outrage?

A
  • Supposed to be only for coastal towns - he collected it from inland counties too.
  • Supposed to be only for war time.
10
Q

What religion was Scotland up until (and after) 1639?

A

Presbyterian.

11
Q

What did bishops in Scotland have to resort to when Charles made them read from a Laudian prayer book?

A

Had to arm themselves as Scots didn’t like them changing to Laudianism.

12
Q

Why did the St Giles Cathedral protest in Edinburgh happen 1637?

A
  • Organised by nobles.

- Because Presbyterian Scots didn’t like the fact Laudian prayer books were being used in churches.

13
Q

What radical document was produced by the Scots in Feb 1638?

A

The Scottish National Covenant.

14
Q

When was the Scottish National Covenant produced?

A

Feb 1638.

15
Q

What was the Scottish National Covenant document?

A
  • Written by Presbyterian radicals.
  • To unite people against Charles Laudian religious policies.
  • Charles had to collect ship money to they and fight these Coventers.
16
Q

When was the Bishops war?

A

1639-40.

17
Q

Why did Charles let the Scottish Religious General Assembly in Glasgow sit in 1638? What was discussed?

A
  • Charles needed time to raise an army.
  • They annulled canon laws.
  • Abolished episcopacy.
18
Q

What is an episcopacy?

A

Church government of bishops.

19
Q

When and what was the Truce of Berwick?

A

June 1639.
Charles agreed to a meeting with the General Assembly of Scots and Parliament.
Scots agreed to disband their army - but they didn’t bc didn’t trust Charles.
Scottish assembly decided to reduce royal power.
Ended Bishop’s war.

20
Q

Who advised Charles to call the short parliament?

A

Thomas Wentworth (he was called back to England from Ireland to help Charles with Scots).

21
Q

When did the Scottish Coventers occupy Newcastle.

A

August 1640.

22
Q

Where did the Scottish Coventers occupy in August 1640?

A

Newcastle.

23
Q

When and what was the treaty of Ripon?

A

October 1640.
Charles paid Scots to live in Newcastle without fighting England, so Charles would have enough time to raise funds for army.

24
Q

What different groups were living in Ireland in 1629?

A
  • Irish Catholics - majority.
  • Presbyterian Scots - living in the Ulster.
  • English settlers ruled by Charles - living in ‘The Pale’.
25
Q

When was Wentworth made Lord Deputy of Ireland?

A

1632.

26
Q

Who was made Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632?

A

Thomas Wentworth.

27
Q

What successes did Wentworth have in Ireland?

A
  • Increased royal authority.

- Increased profit from Irish customs.

28
Q

Why did the Irish rebel in October 1641?

A
  • Catholic Irish felt threatened by Presbyterians and Puritans.
  • To prevent harsh Puritan rules.
  • Wentworth was back in England - prime time to rebel when royal representative gone.
29
Q

What was the Hampden case 1637?

A
  • MP Hampden in court for not paying ship money.

- Crown only just won the case to imprison him - shows Charles position is weakening.

30
Q

What was the Providence Island Company?

A

A colonisation company, that was actually the centre for opposition to Charles. Members included Fiennes and Pym.

31
Q

When did the Short Parliament run?

A

13th April - 5th May 1640.

32
Q

Why did Charles dissolve the short parliament?

A

MP’s refuses to vote for subsidies for war against coventers - they liked Scotland more than Charles.

33
Q

What were the 3 main oppositions to Charles personal rule in England?

A
  • Finances - ship money.
  • Charles narrowly wins MP Hampden case.
  • Providence Island Company.
34
Q

Who was Thomas Wentworth?

A
  • Lord Deputy of Ireland 1632.
  • On Charles side.
  • Charles chief advisor eg/ advised to call short parliament.
  • Lieutenant General of Army.
35
Q

Who was William Fiennes?

A
  • Protestant.
  • In House of Lords.
  • Founded Providence Island Company.
  • In contact with Scots - thought Charles would have to recall parliament to sort out rebellion - then PN can voice their opinions.
36
Q

Who was John Hampden?

A
  • MP.
  • Imprisoned for not paying forced loan.
  • Imprisoned for not paying ship money - Charles narrowly won court case for him to be imprisoned.
  • Charles marched in and arrested him 1642.
37
Q

Who was John Pym?

A
  • MP.
  • Puritan.
  • Leading member of Providence Island Company.