Chapter 8 -- Microbial Metabolism Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 8 -- Microbial Metabolism Deck (39)
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1
Q

Metabolism

A

sum total of all the chemical reactions in the body – macromolecules are broken down and the sub molecules are used to produce ATP – GOAL: to stay alive

2
Q

Anabolic reactions

A

building up – transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules (energy is used)

3
Q

Catabolic reactions

A

breaking down – transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP (energy is released)

4
Q

Enzymes

A

are proteins that functions as catalysts

5
Q

Negative feedback

A

when enzyme actions stops due to build up of end product

6
Q

ADP

A

in the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate

7
Q

glycolysis

A
A) occurs without oxygen (anaerobic process)
B) ends with formation of 2 pyruvic acid
C) occurs during fermentation
D) degraded glucose to CO2 and H2O
E) involves reduction of NAD
F) occurs in cytoplasm 
G) reactant is glucose
8
Q

oxygen

A

during aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor

9
Q

cell membrane

A

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located here

10
Q

NAD

A

The reactions of fermentation function to produce ____ molecules for use in glycolysis.

11
Q

electron transport

A

During which of the phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?

12
Q

38 ATP

A

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, how many ATP are generated?

13
Q

2 ATP

A

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated?

14
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

one water molecule goes away to make bond – sometimes called condensation

15
Q

Hydrolysis

A

adding water to break link – a polypeptide with 100 molecules would release 99 water molecules

16
Q

Denaturation

A

protein loses its characteristic folded shape and becomes inactive – METHODS: pH, salt or temp (protein 60-65; DNA 80)

17
Q

Oxidation

A

loss of electrons

18
Q

Reduction

A

gain of electrons

19
Q

Factors influencing enzyme activity

A

temperature ( 60-65; lower temp slows rx – higher temp speeds rx), pH, concentration of substrate (needs to keep being added prn to keep enzymes working 100%) and presence of non competitive or competitive inhibitors

20
Q

competitve inhibitors

A

looks similar to substrate and would block (binds to) active site – ex. sulfa drugs

21
Q

non-competitive inhibitors

A

bind with another site and make active site change shape – ex. heavy metals, arsenic, mercury, lead, makes you sick by stopping pathways and blocking processes

22
Q

carbohydrate catabolism

A

most microorganisms oxidize carbs as their primary energy source

23
Q

cellular respiration

A

process organisms undergo to convert glucose to energy – involves 4 stages: glucose catabolism, transition or bridge reaction, krebs cycle and electron transport

24
Q

Transition/Bridge reaction

A

2nd part cellular respiration – location: prokaryotic: cytoplasm, eukaryotic: mitochondrial matrix - reactant: pyruvate c3 - products: co2 and NADH - final product: acetyl CoA (c2)

25
Q

Krebs cycle

A

3 step cellular respiration – no carbon - location: prokaryotic: cytoplasm, eukaryotic: matrix - reactant: acetyl CoA, products: co2, ATP - final products: NADH, FADH2 — 2 TURNS of Kreb cycle are required to completely oxidize that carbon from 1 glucose molecule

26
Q

Electron transport

A

stage 4 cellular respiration – location: prokaryotic: plasma membrane, eukaryotic: mitrochondrial membrane - reactant: NADH, FADH2 - products: ATP - final electron acceptor: oxygen - final product: water

27
Q

active site; substates

A

Enzymes provide an ____ ___ for target molecules called _____.

28
Q

redux reaction

A

always occurs in pairs.

There is an electron donor and electron acceptor which constitutes a conjugate pair or ______ pair.

29
Q

fermentation

A

uses glycolysis pathway, organic compounds are the final electron acceptor – produces 2 ATP during glycolysis

30
Q

Electron Transport System (ETS)

A

The final “processing mill” for electrons and hydrogen and the major generator of energy.

31
Q

water

A

Electron Transport System ends in the final step is the acceptance of electrons and hydrogens by oxygen, producing _____

32
Q

coenzyme

A

an organic molecule that serves as an enzyme helper

33
Q

Water molecule

A

The binding of two glucose molecules results in a disaccharide and a _________?

34
Q

Transition & Krebs Cycle

A

Phases of aerobic cellular respiration that release carbon dioxide

35
Q

Plasma membrane

A

LOCATION in the prokaryotic cell where electron transport takes place

36
Q

2 pyruvate

A

END PRODUCT of glycolysis

37
Q

Heterolactic

A

an organism that ferments sugars and produces lactic acid as well as other products

38
Q

Homolactic

A

organism that ferments sugar and produces ONLY lactic acid

39
Q

Cytoplasm

A

LOCATION in the eukaryotic cell where glycolysis takes place