Chapter 8 - Masonry and Ordinary Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Bricks are produced from a variety of locally available _______ and ________.

A

clays and shales

p 234

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2
Q

The hardness of brick is dependent on the _______ used in its composition.

A

soil

p 234

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3
Q

The bricks are fired in a kiln during which they are subjected to temperatures as high as _______ * F. This intense heat converts them to a __________ material. The firing process takes _____ to _____ hours.

A

2,400 / ceramic / 40 to 150 hours

p 235

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4
Q

A typical brick size is _____x_____x_____.

A

3 5/8 X 7 5/8 X 2 1/4

p 235

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5
Q
  • Also known as concrete masonry units (CMU). The most commonly used concrete block is the hollow concrete block.
A

Concrete block

p 235

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6
Q

Hollow concrete blocks are produced in a number of sizes and shapes, but the most common is the nominal ___x___x___ inch.

A

8x8x16

p 235

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7
Q

The most common types of stone used in construction are g______, l__________, s____________, s______ and m________.

A

granite, limestone, sandstone, slate, and marble

p 235

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8
Q

Masonry units have no significant __________ strength. In their structural application they are used to support _____________ loads.

A

tensile / compressive

p 236

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9
Q

Density of masonry units

A relatively small chunk of a brick wall having a thickness of 8 inches and measuring 4x4 feet would have a weight of approximately _______ pounds.

A

1267

p 236

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10
Q

The primary function of _________ is to bond the individual masonry units into a solid mass.

A

mortar

p 236

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11
Q
  • Cement like liquid material that hardens and bonds individual masonry units to a solid mass.
A

Mortar

p 236

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12
Q

Mortar is available in five basic types with strengths varying from as low as ____ psi to as high as _______ psi.

A

75 / 2500

p 236

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13
Q
  • Most commonly used cement consisting chiefly of calcium and aluminum silicates. It is mixed with water to form a paste that hardens and is, therefore known as a hydraulic cement.
A

Portland Cement

p 237

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14
Q
  • Wall that supports itself and the weight of the roof and/or other internal structural framing components such as the floor beams above it.
A

Bearing wall

p 237

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15
Q

In modern practice, the most commonly encountered load bearing masonry walls are constructed from ________, __________ block, or combination of ________ and ________.

A

brick / concrete / brick and block

p 237-238

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16
Q

When used as a supporting wall, the thickness of masonry walls varies from a minimum of ____ inches to several ______.

A

6 / feet

p 238

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17
Q

By using reinforced masonry, it is possible to construct load-bearing masonry walls to a height of ten stories or more having a wall thickness of only _____ inches.

A

12

p 239

18
Q

When a masonry wall is constructed, the masonry units are laid side by side in a horizontal layer know as a _________.

A

course

p 239

19
Q

The horizontal courses of brick are laid on top of each other in a vertical layer known as a _________.

A

wythe

p 239

20
Q
  • Course of bricks with the ends of the bricks facing outward.
A

Header course

p 240

21
Q

Parallel wythes of brick can be bonded using a header course every ________ course.

A

sixth

p 240

22
Q

Support of the masonry over an opening is accomplished by the use of a ________, an ______ or ___________.

A

lintel, an arch or corbelling

p 241

23
Q
  • Support for masonry over an opening; usually made of steel angles or other rolled shapes singularly or in combination.
A

Lintel

p 241

24
Q

It is assumed that a lintel is required to support only the weight of a _____________ section.

A

triangular

p 241

25
Q

However, if the height of the wall above the opening is shorter than the height of the triangular section, it is assumed that the lintel must support the ________ _________ of the masonry above the opening.

A

entire weight

p 242

26
Q
  • Portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof. A low wall at the edge of a roof.
A

Parapet

p 243

27
Q

In traditional masonry construction the masonry walls support ________ ________ and _______ _________.

A

wood floor and roof joists

p 244

28
Q
  • Angled cut made at the end of a wood joist or wood beam that rests in a masonry wall to allow the beam to fall away freely from the wall in case of failure of the beam. This helps prevent the beam acting as a lever to push against the masonry.
A

Fire cut

p 245

29
Q

When a beam transmits a large vertical load to a masonry wall, the wall may be increased in thickness at the point of support with a ___________ to reduce the compressive stresses in the masonry.

A

pilaster

p 245

30
Q

Buildings of ordinary construction, such as those with masonry exterior walls and wood jointed interior framing are classified as ______ _____ construction in the building codes.

A

Type III

p 246

31
Q

The fire resistance of a masonry wall depends on the type of __________ units used and the ____________ of the wall.

A

masonry / thickness

p 246

32
Q

A massive masonry wall, _____ inches or more in thickness will have an inherently high degree of fire resistance.

A

18

p 246

33
Q

One way to stabilize a masonry structure is through the use of _______ _____ ______ extended through the masonry walls, parallel to the joists and attached to bearing plates or structural washers on the outside.

A

steel tie rods

p 248

34
Q

Masonry walls usually collapse as a result of the collapse of the ?

A

interior wood framing

p 249

35
Q

Firefighters should always assume that if a wall collapses it will fall out from the building a distance at least equal to the ?

A

height of the wall

p 249

36
Q
  • (1) Flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice. (2) Broad flat surface over a store front of below a cornice.
A

Fascia

p 250

37
Q

_______ construction is a type of masonry construction in which the exterior bearing walls are constructed of brick and the interior structural framing is of solid or laminated wood.

A

Mill

p 250

38
Q

Mill construction is also commonly known as _________ ___________ construction; however it should not be confused with the heavy timber wood frame construction.

A

heavy-timber

p 250

39
Q

In building codes mill construction is classified as ______ _____ construction.

A

Type IV

p 250

40
Q

There are two characteristics that distinguish mill construction from Type III masonry construction. They are the _____________ of the wood structural members and the fact that combustible concealed spaces are not ______________.

A

dimensions / permitted

p 250

41
Q

The wood structural members used in mill construction have ___________ minimum dimensions than those permitted in Type III construction.

A

larger

p 250