Chapter 8 - DNA + Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

how is the genetic code universal?

A

the triplets code for the same amino acids in all living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is the genetic code non-overlapping?

A

each triplet and gene are separate from eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is the genetic code degenerate?

A

the same amino acid can be coded for by more than one triplet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a genome?

A

the complete set of genes in a cell/organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a proteome?

A

the full range of proteins that an organism can make

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe eukaryote dna

A

long, double helix, linear, found in nucleus, folded around histone proteins into chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe prokaryote dna

A

short, circular, no proteins, no nucleus, has plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define gene

A

a sequence of dna that codes for a polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define locus

A

the location of a gene on a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an intron

A

regions within a gene that don’t code for polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

by what process are introns removed from pre mRNA in eukaryotes?

A

splicing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe the process of transcription

A

DNA helicase seperates the strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds, free RNA nucleotides attach to the template strand, complementary base pairing, RNA polymerase joins nucleotides together, Hbonds reform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a codon?

A

a triplet code on the messenger RNA that codes for a specific amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an anticodon?

A

triplet of bases on on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe translation

A

the ribosome attaches to the mRNA at the start codon, the codon is matched to anticodon by complementary base pairing, ribosomes hold the tRNA in place, amino acids are joined with a peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly