What is the organic compound that is implicated in diabetes mellitus?
Ketones
What is the organic compound that is implicated in atherosclerosis?
Cholesterol
What is the organic compound that is implicated in phenylketonuria?
Phenylalanine
Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of what condition?
Lipemia
How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharide units?
Oligosaccharide
What is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?
Glucose
What type of carbohydrate is ribose?
A monosaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is amylose?
A polysaccharide that is a component of starch
What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?
A polysaccharide that makes up supportive structure of plants
What type of carbohydrate is maltose?
A disaccharide
Which of the following groups of organic compounds is the largest component of plasma membranes? A- proteins B- lipids C- carbohydrates D- vitamin
B- lipids
What does the term saturated fatty acid mean?
All carbons on the saturated fatty acid are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible
Which of the following is measured in the blood to assess lipid metabolism? A- glycoprotein B- triglyceride C- hemoglobin D- amylase
B- triglyceride
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
1- nitrogenous base
2- sugar
3- phosphate group
Which of the following molecules are structured proteins?
A- lipase and restriction enzymes
B- collagen and keratin
C- hemoglobin and high density lipoprotein
D- antigens and antibodies
B- collagen and keratin
Vitamins serve as chemical partners with which of the following to help maintain normal cell function? A- enzymes B- lipids C- nucleic acids D- steroids
A- enzymes
Zinc is an example of a __________________?
Micromineral
A fatty acid with a single double bond between two carbons is considered what kind of fat?
Monounsaturated
Is vitamin A fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Fat-soluble
Is vitamin c fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Water-soluble
Is vitamin B12 fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Water-soluble
Is vitamin K fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Fat-soluble
Is vitamin E fat-soluble or water-soluble?
Fat-soluble
List 4 of the macro minerals in the diet
1- calcium
2- phosphorus
3- magnesium
4- sodium
True or False
Cholesterol is a lipid that is soluble in blood.
False
What are the basic components of proteins?
Amino acids
What breaks down dietary fiber?
Bacterial fermentation
Which type of animal can degrade fiber and use it for a main source of energy?
Ruminants
Which 2 laboratory animal species require vitamin C in the diet because they cannot synthesize it in their body?
1- Guinea pigs
2- nonhuman primates
Which two species require supplementation of their diet with taurine?
Ferrets and cats
A fatty acid made up of carbons that are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible is \_\_\_\_\_. A- Complex B- Essential C- Insoluble D- Saturated
D- Saturated
What must be checked to ensure that a bag of feed has a stable vitamin content? A- Shelf life B- Nutrient levels C- List of additives D- AN online resource on feeds
A- Shelf life
Which of the following is NOT a micro mineral? A- Iodine B- Chlorine C- Iron D- Copper
B- Chlorine
What is another name for glucose? A- Ribose B- Lactose C- Maltose D- Dextrose
D- Dextrose
On what characteristic are the two categories of dietary minerals (micro- and macro minerals) based?
A- The complexity of their structure
B- Their biological importance
C- Whether they are broken down int he stomach
D- Their interaction with other minerals
B- Their biological importance
Which type of fatty acid has one double bond between two carbons? A- Monounsaturated B- Triunstaurated C- Polyunsaturated D- Saturated
A- Monounsaturated
Organic acids consisting of a chain of hydrocarbons are \_\_\_\_\_. A- Glycoproteins B- Lipoproteins C- Fatty acids D- Lipids
C- Fatty acids
What is one way to change the laboratory animal diet to control gene expression in some genetically modified strains? A- increase potassium content B- Addition of fenbendazole C- Addition of tetracycline D- Increase sodium content
C- Addition of tetracycline
Which term is used for the cholesterol deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels? A- Bulk B- Plaque C- Cascade D- Taurine
B- Plaque
Ketones are implicated in which disease? A- Cirrohosis of the liver B- Diabetes mellitus C- Atherosclerosis D- Phenylketonuria
B- Diabetes mellitus
The deficiency of which essential micro mineral results in bone abnormality and tooth decay? A- Cobalt B- Fluorine C- Manganese D- Molybdenum
B- Fluorine
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ allows lipids to be absorbed through the wall to the small intestine and used as energy in the body. A- Oleic acid B- Glycerol C- Lipase D- Bile
D- Bile
Which animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oils? A- Mouse B- Pig C- Dog D- Rabbit
A- Mouse
Which of the following is a component of both RNA and DNA? A- Fructose B- Galactose C- Glucose D- Ribose
D- Ribose
Which proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells? A- Enzymes B- Peptides C- Hormones D- Antibodies
A- Enzymes
An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in which of the following diseases? A- Atherosclerosis B- Diabetes C- Lupus D- Tuberculosis
A- Atherosclerosis
Which micro mineral is an important component of vitamin B12? A- Molybdenum B- Chromium C- Manganese D- Cobalt
D- Cobalt
Which animal requires a course of vitamin C in their diet? A- Dog B- Rat C- Rabbit D- Guinea pig
D- Guinea pig
Which protein carries oxygen to cells throughout the body? A- Thyroid regulating hormone B- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) C- Hemoglobin D- Protease
C- Hemoglobin
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule? A- Protein B- Lipid C- Water D- Carbohydrate
C- Water
Which statement regarding isoflavone is FALSE?
A- Isoflavones are phytoestrogens
B- Isoflavones may strengthen the immune system
C- Isoflavones may lessen the action of tamoxifen
D- Isoflavones may be found in caging equipment
B- Isoflavones may strengthen the immune system
Which carbohydrate consists of two glucose units bound together? A- Maltose B- Fructose C- Sucrose D- Lactose
A- Maltose
The carbon bound to three hydrogens on one end of a fatty acid is a called a \_\_\_\_\_\_ group. A- Polyunsaturated B- Triglyceride C- Methyl D- Hydroxyl
C- Methyl
Diabetes results from the body’s inability to regulate the use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by cells. A- Glucose B- Potassium C- Lipids D- Vitamin C
A- Glucose
Ferrets and cats must have a diet containing which organic acid? A- Taurine B- Purine C- Lysine D- Phenylalanine
A- Taurine
Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral? A- Copper B- Potassium C- Sulfur D- Magnesium
A- Copper
A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A- Lipoprotein B- Glycolipid C- Wax D- Diglyceride
B- Glycolipid
Which carbohydrate can be digested only by some species, such as ungulates and lagomorphs? A- Maltose B- Cellulose C- Glycogen D- Starch
B- Cellulose
Which of the following is a disaccharide? A- Galactose B- Sucrose C- Fructose D- Glucose
B- Sucrose
Which of the following is the most abundant protein found in a mammal? A- Collagen B- Serotonin C- Hemoglobin D- Keratin
A- Collagen
Which condition results from a deficiency of dietary vitamin C? A- Ketocidosis B- Toxoplasmosis C- Diabetes D- Scurvy
D- Scurvy
Which of the following is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starches and other polysaccharides? A- Amylase B- Protease C- Lipase D- Pepsin
A- Amylase
Which carbohydrate is found in mammalian milk? A- Sucrose B- Lactose C- Amylose D- Maltose
B- Lactose
Which compound does the body overproduce when fat stores are metabolized for energy? A- Ketones B- Carbohydrates C- Lipids D- Glucose
A- Ketones
What is the principal hormone that regulates the amount of glucose taken up by cells in the body? A- Cortisol B- Adrenaline C- Insulin D- Dopamine
C- Insulin
Steroids belong in which group of organic compounds? A- Vitamins B- Proteins C- Lipids D- Carbohydrates
C- Lipids
Which carbohydrate is the primary source of energy used for metabolic processes? A- Sucrose B- Glucose C- Fructose D- Lactose
B- Glucose