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Computer Information Systems > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Digital audio

A

Music, speech, and other sounds represented in binary format for use in digital devices

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2
Q

Sampling rate

A

Refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured during the recording process

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3
Q

Audio compression

A

Reduces the size of a sound file by removing bits that represent extraneous noise and sounds that are beyond the frequencies of normal hearing

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4
Q

Sound card

A

Device that contains a variety of input and output jacks, plus audio processing circuitry

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5
Q

Integrated audio

A

Sound card circuitry that can be built into a computer’s system board

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6
Q

Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)

A

Transforms digital bits into analog waves when you play an audio file

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7
Q

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

A

Samples live sounds and converts then into digital signals

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8
Q

Streaming audio

A

Plays as its file is downloaded

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9
Q

Digital audio extraction

A

Technical term for ripping

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10
Q

Speech synthesis

A

Process by which machines, such as computers, produce sound that resembles spoken words

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11
Q

Speech recognition

A

Refers to the ability of a machine to understand spoken words

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12
Q

Phoneme

A

A basic sound unit, such as “reh”

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13
Q

Text-to-speech software

A

Generates sounds that are played through your computer’s standard sound card

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14
Q

Bitmap graphic

A

(raster graphic/bitmap) Composed of a grid of dots

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15
Q

Scanner

A

Converts printed images into bitmap graphics

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16
Q

Digital camera

A

Creates a digital images of real objects

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17
Q

CCD (charge-coupled device)

A

A small image sensor that a lens of a digital camera uses to focus the light from an image

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18
Q

Megapixel

A

1 million pixels

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19
Q

Cropping

A

Refers to the process of selecting part of an image

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20
Q

Resolution dependent

A

Quality of the image depends on the resolution, describes a bitmap graphic

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21
Q

Pixel imterpolation

A

Create new pixels by averaging the colors of nearby pixels

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22
Q

Monochrome bitmap

A

Displayed by manipulating the pattern of “off” and “on” pixels displayed on the screen

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23
Q

Grayscale palette

A

One of the 256 shades of gray that a pixel can be

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24
Q

Color palette

A

Defines a selection of colors for an on-screen image

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25
Q

System palette

A

Collection of colors used for interface elements in an operating system, such as Windows 8

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26
Q

Web palette

A

Collection of colors that display without distortion even on legacy screens that display only 256 colors

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27
Q

RGB color model

A

The way today’s color display devices represent color

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28
Q

True Color bitmap

A

A graphic that uses a full range of colors (also known as 24-bit bitmap)

29
Q

Image compression

A

Refers to any technique that recodes the data in an image file so that it contains fewer bits

30
Q

Lossless compression

A

Provides the means to compress a file and then reconstitute all the data into its original state

31
Q

Lossy compression

A

Throws away some of the original data during the compression process

32
Q

Run-length encoding (RLE)

A

Replaces a series of similarly colored pixels with a binary code that indicates the number of pixels and their colors

33
Q

File compression utility

A

Uses lossless compression to shrink file size

34
Q

Vector graphic

A

Consists of a set of instructions for re-creating a picture

35
Q

Digitizing tablet

A

Device that provides a flat surface for a paper-based drawing and a pen or mouse-like puck that you can use to click the endpoints of each line on the drawing

36
Q

Gradient

A

Smooth blending of shades from one color to another or from light to dark

37
Q

Metafile

A

A graphic that contains both bitmap and vector data

38
Q

Raterization

A

Works by super imposing a grid over a vector image and determining the color for each pixel

39
Q

Tracing software

A

Locates the edges of objects in a bitmap image and converts the resulting shapes into vector graphics objects

40
Q

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)

A

Vector graphics that can be used on the Web

41
Q

Flash

A

Vector graphics that can be used on the Web

42
Q

HTML5 canvas

A

Container for graphics that are drawn and animated used a scripting language such as JavaScript

43
Q

Digital video

A

Uses bits to store color and brightness data for each video frame

44
Q

Desktop video

A

Video that is created on a personal computer and designed to be played back on a similar device

45
Q

Webcam

A

Built in above the screen of a laptop computer or attached as a peripheral device

46
Q

Video capture

A

The process of converting analog video signals into digital format

47
Q

Linear editing

A

Recording a segment from one videotape onto another tape, requires a minimum of two VCRs

48
Q

Nonlinear editing

A

Requires a computer hard disk and video editing software

49
Q

Aspect ratio

A

Refers to the relative width and height of the video frame

50
Q

Widescreen

A

16:9

51
Q

Fullscreen

A

4:3

52
Q

Codec

A

Software the compresses a video stream when a video is stored, and decompresses the file when the video is played

53
Q

Compression ratio

A

Indicates the ratio of compressed data to uncompressed data

54
Q

Bitrate

A

Refers to the amount of data transferred per second as a video plays

55
Q

Container formats

A

Another name for video file formats because they hold the compressed video and audio data streams that form a video

56
Q

Transcoding

A

Digital videos that can be converted from one file format to another

57
Q

Streaming video

A

Sends a small segment of the video to your computer and begins to play it

58
Q

DVD image

A

A prototype of your DVD, but it is stored on your computer’s hard disk

59
Q

Media content

A

Includes television shows, movies, music, and books

60
Q

Digital content

A

A term used for movies and other content that is stored digitally

61
Q

Analog hole

A

Allows pirates to capture content by using a microphone to record songs as the are output to speakers or using a camcorder to film movies as they are projected in a movie theater

62
Q

Digital rights management (DRM)

A

Collection of techniques used by copyright holders to limit access to and use of digital content

63
Q

Copy protected

A

The way in which digital content is protected by proprietary media formats

64
Q

Digital watermark

A

Pattern of bits, inserted at various places in an image or a content stream, that can be used to track, identify, verify, and control content use

65
Q

Broadcast flag

A

Set of bits inserted into the data stream that specifies how the stream can and cannot be used

66
Q

CSS (Content Scramble System)

A

Digital rights management technology designed to encrypt and control the use of content stored on DVDs

67
Q

AACS (Advanced Access Content System)

A

The primary DRM technology for Blu-ray discs

68
Q

HDCP (High-bandwith Digital Content Protection)

A

A hardware-based DRM technology that requires compliant devices for content playback

Computer Information Systems (8 decks)

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