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Flashcards in Chapter 8 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Cliques

A

Small groups of friends who share activities and confidences

2
Q

Crowds

A

Loosely organized groups of children who share interest and activities

3
Q

Controversial status youth

A

Aggressive kids who are either highly liked or intensely disliked by peers

4
Q

Co-offending

A

Delinquent acts committed in small groups

Anti social youth will more likely join with other like minded youth (birds of a feather flock together)

Troubled youth choose delinquent peers out of necessity rather than desire

5
Q

Gang

A

Groups of youth who collectively engage in delinquent behavior

6
Q

Interstitial group

A
  • Falls within the cracks and crevices of society
  • Maintains standard group processes
  • Involves long-lived institutions that have a distinct structure and organization
  • Includes identifiable leadership, division of labor, rules, rituals and possessions
7
Q

Youth gangs

A

2 factors that stand out:

  • Members have self recognition of gang status and use special vocabulary, clothing, signs, graffiti, and names
  • Committment to criminal activity, but most time is spent in non criminal behavior
8
Q

Contemporary Gangs

A

Location:
Typically in large urban areas experiencing rapid population change, ethnic and racial groups in competition

Migration:
Gangs organize new chapters when they migrate
Most still home grown
Most gang members move for social reasons
Immigration has led to extremely violent gangs like MS-13

9
Q

Types of gangs

A

Social- members more interested in social activities
Party- forgoes most delinquent behavior, drug dealing to finance members personal use
Serious delinquent gang- involves serious delinquent behavior, while avoiding drug dealing and usage
Organized gangs- heavily involved in criminality, on the verge of becoming a criminal organization

10
Q

Age

A

Age of gang members varies widely
Youth first hear about gangs around age 9
Youth get involved in violence around 10 or 11, join first gang around 12
Age of gang members has been increasing due to economy
Inability of inner city males to obtain adequate jobs means they cannot afford to raise families

11
Q

Graffitti

A

Inscriptions or drawings made on a wall, used for gang messages and turf definition

12
Q

Representing

A

Flashing and tossing gang signs in the presence of rivals

13
Q

Ethnic and racial compostion

A

Latino/Hispanic, AA predominate

First black gang- Boozies
Today- Crips and Bloods

Hispanic/Latino gangs
Popularity is very high
Initiation involves proving machismo
Territory marked with graffiti

Asian gangs
Tend to victimize members of their own ethnic group
Far less territorial, less openly visible
Elders have strict control over younger members

Anglo gangs
Common in smaller towns
Derivatives of punk and skinhead movement
Many are alienated middle class youth

14
Q

Skinhead

A

Member of Euro American supremacist gang, identified by shaved head and Nazi or KKK markings

15
Q

Gangs and Violence

A

Gang members typically commit more violence, more likely to carry weapons

Violence is a core fact of gang formation and life, used to maintain internal discipline

Violence used for revenge, honor, courage, prestige

16
Q

Anthropological view

A

Adolescents long for tribal processes, similar to some cultures puberty rites of passages, bridges the gap between adulthood and childhood

17
Q

Anomie/alienation view

A

Conditions of anomie encourage gang formation on a cultural level, youth join gangs during periods of turmoil

18
Q

Psychological view

A

Gangs serve as an outlet for disturbed youth who suffer a multitude of personal problems and deficits

19
Q

Rational choice view

A

Members turn to gang to obtain desired goods and services, personal safety, or fun and support

20
Q

Community efforts

A

Law enforcement:
Youth service programs, gang details, gang units
Maintain intelligence, arrest and prosecute gang members

Community control
Recreational activities, in school gang control programs, police run gang control programs, employment programs, rebuilding communities