Chapter 7- Structure And Function Of DNA Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 7- Structure And Function Of DNA Deck (25)
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1
Q

Central Dogma

A

Description of the flow of genetic info in a biological system

DNA—>mRNA—>protein

2
Q

Transcription

A

Production of RNA from a DNA template

“Initiation” occurs in nucleus

Enzyme uses one strand of DNA as a template

3
Q

Translation

A

Production of protein from an mRNA sequence

Occurs in the cytoplasm on the ribosomes

4
Q

Gene

A

A segment of DNA that encodes a protein

5
Q

mRNA (messenger RNA)

A

The only type of RNA that is used as a template for protein synthesis

Contains complementary bases

Carries copied message to ribosomes

6
Q

tRNA (transfer RNA)

A

Carries the amino acids to the ribosome/mRNA to synthesize the protein

7
Q

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

A

Helps make up the structure of the ribosome

Holds the mRNA template

8
Q

Nucleotides

A

Monomers of nucleic acids

Genetic subunits

9
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

A—T (2 bonds)
C—G (3 bonds)

A—U in mRNA

10
Q

Anti-parallel

A

One strand of nucleotides runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction, the other runs 3’ to 5’ direction

11
Q

Codon

A

Group of 3 adjacent nucleotides

Each specifies a specific amino acid

12
Q

Anti-codon

A

Three base region of a tRNA molecule that is complementary to the codon being read

13
Q

Genetic code

A

The rules for assigning a specific amino acid to a specific codon

14
Q

Start codon

A

A codon that indicates the start of a protein

15
Q

Stop codon

A

Codon that indicates the end of a protein

Polypeptide is released from ribosome, folds to a protein

16
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Enzyme that recognizes the beginning and end of a gene and copies a DNA sequence to make an RNA sequence

17
Q

DNA template strand

A

The strand of DNA that is copied into an RNA sequence

18
Q

Mutation

A

A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA

19
Q

Replacement mutation

A

Replacement of one DNA base with another

20
Q

Silent mutation

A

May have no effect on the encoded protein

21
Q

Missence mutation

A

The codon on mRNA may specify the wrong amino acid

22
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

May change a codon to a stop-codon

23
Q

Insertions and deletions

A

Adds or subtracts one or more nucleotides

Has very harmful effects

24
Q

Causes of mutations

A

Spontaneous

Physical or chemical agents (mutagens)

25
Q

Subunits of nucleotides

A

Phosphate
5C sugar (deoxyribose)
One of 4 nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine