Chapter 7 Practice Test

Question 1

Contractions that increase in strength during pregnancy are an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

Answer 1

False; a positive feedback mechanism

Question 2

Kidneys remove waste, balance blood pH, and maintain water balance

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A cross section of the kidney shows an outer layer called the medulla, an inner layer called the cortex, and a hollow chamber called the renal pelvis.

Answer 3

False; the outer layer is called the cortex and the inner layer is the medulla.

Question 4

Plasma proteins, red blood cells, and platelets are transferred to the Bowman’s Capsule.

Answer 4

False; they are not transferred to the Bowman’s Capsule

Question 5

When a person sweats and does not drink water, the pituitary gland releases ADH.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The term used to describe the ability of a living organism to adjust to changing environmental conditions by regulating their internal process is

Answer 6

Homeostasis

Question 7

Which of the following analogies would best fit the action of the kidney?

Answer 7

Removing most of the items and returning what is still useful.

Question 8

which one of the following is a part of the circulatory system?

Answer 8

Glomerulus

Question 9

Glomerular filtrate is identical to plasma, except in respect to…

Answer 9

amounts of red and white blood cells or

formed-element and protein content.

Question 10

Chose the item below controlled by ADH

Answer 10

the amount of water re-absorbed in the nephron

Question 11

Antidiuretic hormone is produced by the

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Kidney stones are the result of

Answer 12

Precipitation of mineral solutes from the blood

Question 13

As the environment changes, our bodies use the nervous and endocrine systems to compensate by a mechanism called…

Answer 13

Homeostasis

Question 14

Temperature fluctuations are controlled by the following part of the brain…

Answer 14

Hypothalamus

Question 15

If a person has lost a lot of water, the kidneys will produce a more________ urine.

Answer 15

Concentrated

Question 16

________ involves the transfer of essential solutes and water from the nephron back into the blood.

Answer 16

Reabsorption

Question 17

Why is it important that the Loop of Henle passes into the medulla of the kidney?

Answer 17

• need to establish a salt/ion gradient

- water will follow by osmosis

Question 18

If a viral infection inflames the glomerulus, what effect might this have?

Answer 18

• pores of glomerulus may be smaller

- less filtrate is able to pass into Bowman’s Capsule

Question 19

You are playing an active game and you begin to sweat. Soon you feel cooler. For this homeostatic system, construct a labelled diagram to represent the feedback loop involved. On the diagram, indicate the receptor (s), the control centre(s), and the effector(s).

Answer 19

**** draw a diagram

Question 20

Draw (explain) a flowchart that illustrates the path of a molecule of urea from its entry into the renal artery to the collecting ducts.

Answer 20

Renal artery to afferent arteriole to glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule.

Proximal tube to loop of henle to distal tubules to collecting ducts

Question 21

The student holds the bulb of a thermometer in the right hand and plunges the left hand into ice water. It was noted a few minutes after that the temperature recorded by the thermometer decreases. Explain why this response occurs. How can this be considered an example of homeostasis?

Answer 21

The drop in temperature of the blood was detected by the hypothalamus through which the nervous system brings about vasoconstriction of the blood vessels or pushing the blood to deeper vessels. In this heat loss is restricted, minimizing change in the core temperature of the body.

Question 22

Describe the processes of filtration involved in the removal of nitrogenous wastes by a human nephron.

Answer 22

• blood pressure causes plasma and dissolved solutes to enter the Bowman’s capsule from capillaries in the glomerulus.
• plasma enters to proximal tubules