Chapter 7 Political Organization Flashcards

1
Q

A society’s political organization is primarily related to ____.

A

The degree of access individuals and groups have to basic materials resources

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2
Q

Anthropologists distinguish three patterns of social differentiation ___.

A

Egalitarian, rank, and stratified

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3
Q

The study of political processes focuses on ____.

A

Ways in which different groups within a society use power achieve goals

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4
Q

The dominance of political elite based on a close identification between their own goals and those of the larger society is called ___.

A

Hegemony

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5
Q

One thing that the Yoruba and Igbo of Nigeria as well as the Mende of Sierra Leone have in common is that ___.

A

In all three, women held important formal political office

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6
Q

Fear of witchcraft accusations would best be categorized as ___.

A

An informal mechanism of social control

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7
Q

In regulating human behavior, law ____.

A

Is only one among many forms of social control

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8
Q

As the anthropologist define law, it exists ____.

A

In all human societies

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9
Q

An important way of resolving conflict in band-level societies involves ____.

A

Contests between individuals

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10
Q

Which statement is most true of conflict in band-level societies?

A

Band-level societies minimize conflict between individuals but it does occur

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11
Q

A tribal society ____.

A

Imagines all of its members to be related by kinship

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12
Q

In society that is characterized by age grades, ___.

A

People follow a well-ordered progression through a series of age-related life stages

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13
Q

The Ojibwa coined the term okimakkan or “fake chief” when ____.

A

Outside governments insisted that the Ojibwa appoint a supreme leader

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14
Q

The “bigman” as a form of leadership is associated with ____.

A

Increasing food production and redistribution

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15
Q

During buffalo hunts, the Cheyenne maintained order by ____.

A

Policing by members of military societies

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16
Q

The Kpelle _____ to solve conflicts between disputing parties.

A

Moots

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17
Q

Which of the following do anthropologist argue as an explanation for warfare in tribal societies?

A

It may regulate the balance between population and resources

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18
Q

According to the text, what is the cause of Yanomamö warfare?

A

Attempts of individuals from one village to capture women from other villages

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19
Q

An important effect of European contact with the Yanomamö was ____.

A

Acquisition of firearms and increased fatalities in war

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20
Q

What statement about the Yanomamö warfare is true?

A

Yanomamö warfare intensified after contact with the West

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21
Q

Which statements about chiefs is most accurate?

A

Chief power is based on the ability to redistribute good and services

22
Q

In ____, social ranking is based on kinship, and in ____, kinship ties do not regulate social relationships.

A

Chiefdoms; states

23
Q

Compared with tribal societies, chiefdoms are likely to have ____.

A

Lower levels of internal violence

24
Q

Which statements is an accurate anthropological explanation of the emergence of state-level societies?

A

States emerged for different reasons in different places and at different times

25
Q

According to the conflict theory, the origin of the state can be explained by ____.

A

The emergence of centralization of power as a response to the emergence of an elite class that protects its power and privileges

26
Q

What is the role of bureaucracy in a state society?

A

Supporting and carrying out the dictates of the elite

27
Q

Agricultural productivity results in a surplus, which creates the opportunity for ____.

A

Taxation and wealth

28
Q

In terms of political stability, state societies are ____.

A

Necessarily vigilant at all times for signs of threat to elite authority

29
Q

Ethnic groups are a group of ____.

A

People who view themselves as sharing an identity that separates them from others in society

30
Q

Which of the following best describes ethnic conflicts?

A

They are shaped by politics, economics, and history

31
Q

Within tribal societies, a ____ is a way to mediate conflict.

A

Moot

32
Q

A sovereign, geographically based state that identifies itself as having a distinctive national culture and historical experience is called a ____.

A

Nation-state

33
Q

Which of the following best describes the struggle between Shi’a and Sunni Muslims, according to the text?

A

It is of ancient origin but can only be understood in terms of recent and current political events

34
Q

According to the text, which of the following statements most accurately describes ethnic conflict in former Yugoslavia?

A

It is based on contemporary political manipulation of relatively small cultural difference

35
Q

An important cultural difference between Serb and Croats from the former Yugoslavia is ____.

A

Serbs are Eastern Orthodox and Croats are Catholic

36
Q

Which of the following statements best represents how nation-states have changed with globalization?

A

They have focused less on integrating national economies with national identities

37
Q

McDonald’s was found I. The United States, and ____.

A

Today over 60% of its locations are in other countries

38
Q

Ethnicity and nation-states are both ____.

A

Social constructions

39
Q

Which of the following presents a strong challenge for nation-states that face increasing globalization?

A

The rise of multinational corporations that cut across nation-state lines

40
Q

Which of the following is an example of a ritual performed in the United States which helps reinforce our national identity?

A

The pledge of allegiance

41
Q

True/False
Political organization refers to the patterned ways in which power and authority are used in a society to regulate behavior

A

True

42
Q

True/False

Rebellion aims at overthrowing the present political structure and replacing it with a new one

A

False

43
Q

True/False

All humans societies have some normative system for dealing with people who break the rules

A

True

44
Q

True/False

The tribal “bigman” is an inherited position of leadership

A

False

45
Q

True/False
The interdependence of social stratification and the rise of the state are well illustrated by the operation of the Kpelle moot.

A

False

46
Q

True/False

Tribes and chiefdoms both have centralized leadership

A

False

47
Q

True/False

Because they maintain great coercive and hegemonic power, states are generally peaceful and stable

A

False

48
Q

True/False

Most ethnic conflicts today reflect an uninterrupted history of ethnic hatred

A

False

49
Q

True/False

Political authority in the Asante state was symbolized by the golden stool

A

True

50
Q

True/False
Unlike the concept of the race which always involves perceived physical differences, ethnicity refers to perceived cultural differences

A

True