Chapter 7: Neoplasm/Tumor Classification 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An overgrowth of cells that serves no useful purpose.

A

Neoplasm

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2
Q

Dysregulated or abnormal growth

A

dysplasia

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3
Q

Any type of malignant growth

A

Cancer

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4
Q

What are the two broadest classifications of tumor?

A

Malignant v benign

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5
Q

What distinguishes a benign tumor from a malignant tumor?

A

Benign tumors grow slow, expand without infiltrating tissues, remain localized, and contain cells that are well-differentiated.

Malignant tumors grow rapidly, infiltrate tissues, metastasize via the bloodstream and lymphatic system, and are poorly differentiated.

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6
Q

What is the root cause of neoplasms?

A

Damaged DNA.

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7
Q

True or false: Neoplasms take many years to grow to a clinically detectable size, transform from benign to malignant slowly, and only spread if they can access the blood or lymphatic system.

A

True

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8
Q

True or false: The immune system is very efficient at cancer removal.

A

False; it has an important role in cancer prevention, but is less efficient at cancer removal.

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9
Q

What types of tumors usually have a smooth, rounded outline, are encapsulated by a membrane, and have cells that appear much like normal cells?

A

Benign

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10
Q

True or false: Malignant tumors can cause death no matter where they occur.

A

True

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11
Q

True or false: Benign tumors never cause death.

A

False; depends on where they occur (e.g., brain)

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a malignant tumor?

A

1) It’s cells do not appear normal.
2) Have irregular borders and send “claw-like” extensions into neighboring tissue.
3) Exhibit areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, or other irregularities.
4) Spreads into other parts of the body via blood or lymph, forming secondary growths

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13
Q

What is the primary cause of death from cancer?

A

Metastases

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14
Q

How are benign tumors named?

A

By adding the suffix -oma to the name of the cells of origin.

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15
Q

What is adenoma?

A

Benign tumor of glandular epithelium

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16
Q

What is angioma?

A

Benign tumor of blood or lymph tissue

17
Q

What is chondroma?

A

Benign tumor of cartilage tissue

18
Q

Tumors on a stalk arising from epithelial surface.

A

Polyps

19
Q

Tumors arising from the epithelial surface that are typically benign, wart-like, and caused by HPV

A

papillomas

20
Q

Besides skin cancer, what is the most common general type of cancer?

A

Carcinoma

21
Q

What type of tumor arises from the surface, glandular, or parenchymal epithelium

A

Carcinomas

22
Q

True or false: Carcinomas can arise from endothelium and mesothelium.

A

False

23
Q

How are carcinomas named?

A

Type of cell followed by “carcinoma”

24
Q

What percentages of cancer are carcinomas?

A

85-90%

25
Q

How do carcinomas spread?

A

Through lymph vessels (and sometimes through bloodstream).