Chapter 7: Genes and Inheritance Flashcards Preview

BIO 111: Introduction To Biology > Chapter 7: Genes and Inheritance > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 7: Genes and Inheritance Deck (26)
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1
Q

Allele

A

Each of the two copies of the gene

2
Q

Heredity

A

Passing of characteristics from parents to offspring through their genes

3
Q

Single Gene Traits

A

Traits that are determined by the instructions a person carries on one gene

4
Q

Cross

A

The process in which male pollen is used to fertilize eggs

5
Q

True Breeding

A

Always produce offspring with the same variant of the trait as the parents

6
Q

Dominant Trait

A

Will always be a dominant trait when present

7
Q

Recessive Trait

A

Will only appear if both traits are recessive

8
Q

Homozygous

A

When an individual inherits the same two alleles for this gene

9
Q

Heterozygous

A

When an individual inherits a different allele from each parent

10
Q

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

A

Of the two copies of each gene everyone carries, only one of the two alleles gets put into each gamete is so significant and important

11
Q

Phenotype

A

The outward appearance of an individual

12
Q

Genotype

A

This is the organisms genetic composition

13
Q

Punnett Square

A

Used to trace the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals

14
Q

Test Cross

A

Crossing an individual exhibiting a dominant trait but whose genotype is unknown with an individual that is homozygous recessive

15
Q

Pedigree

A

Is a type of family tree that can help answer questions about the future

16
Q

Sex Linked Trait

A

Traits that are controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes

17
Q

Carrier

A

An individual that carries one allele for a recessive trait but does not exhibit the trait but their offspring might

18
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

The phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes

19
Q

Codominance

A

The heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes

20
Q

Multiple Allelism

A

A single gene has more than two alleles

21
Q

Antigens

A

Chemicals on the surface of some cells. They act as signposts that tell the immune system whether the cell belongs in the body

22
Q

Antibodies

A

Immune system molecules that attack cells with foreign antigens

23
Q

Additive Effects

A

Describes what happens when the effects of the alleles of multiple genes all contribute to the ultimate phenotype

24
Q

Pleiotropy

A

Some individual genes can influence multiple unrelated traits

25
Q

Di hybrid Cross

A

Mating between two doubly heterozygous individuals

26
Q

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

A

All traits are inherited independently of each other