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Public Speaking > Chapter 7 - Communication and Culture > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Communication and Culture Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

It is a way of life. It is a system of ideas, values, beliefs, structures, and practices that is communicated by one generation to the next and that sustains a particular way of life.

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2
Q

What are the four key premises to understanding cultures?

A
  1. Cultures are systems
  2. Cultures vary in five dimensions
  3. Cultures are dynamic
  4. Multiple social communities coexist within a single culture
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3
Q

What type of system is a culture?

A

Holistic

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4
Q
  1. Individualism/collectivism
  2. Uncertainty avoidance
  3. Power distance
  4. Masculinity/femininity
  5. Long-term/short-term orientation
A

What are the five key dimensions that vary among cultures?

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5
Q

What does individualism/collectivism refer to?

A

The extent to which members of a culture understand themselves as part of and connected to their families, groups, and cultures.

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6
Q

What does uncertainty avoidance refer to?

A

The extent to which people try to avoid ambiguity and vagueness.

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7
Q

What does power distance refer to?

A

The size of the gap between people with high and low power and the extent to which that gap is regarded as normal

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8
Q

What does masculinity/femininity refer to?

A

The extent to which a culture values aggressiveness, competitiveness, looking out for yourself, and dominating others and nature; versus gentleness, cooperation, and taking care of other and living in harmony with the natural world.

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9
Q

What does long-term/short-term orientation refer to?

A

The extent to which members of a culture think about and long term (history and future) versus short term (present).

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10
Q

What does dynamic mean?

A

They evolve and change over time

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11
Q

What are the four primary sources of change in cultural life?

A
  1. Invention
  2. Diffusion
  3. Calamity
  4. Communication
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12
Q

What is invention?

A

The creation of tools, ideas, and practices

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13
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Borrowing from other cultures.

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14
Q

What is calamity?

A

Adversity that brings about change in a culture.

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15
Q

What is the primary way communication propels change?

A

By naming things in ways that shape how we understand them.

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16
Q

What are social communities?

A

Groups of people who live within a dominant culture yet also are members of another group or groups that are not dominant in a particular society.

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17
Q

What is high-context communication style?

A

It is indirect and undetailed

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18
Q

What is a low-context communication style?

A

Explicit, detailed, and precise

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19
Q

What are the two principles that illuminate the intimate relationship between communication and social communities and cultures?

A
  1. Communication expressed and sustains cultures

2. We learn culture in the process of communication.

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20
Q

What are the two principles for minimizing misunderstandings between members of different cultures and social communities?

A
  1. Resist the ethnocentric bias

2. Recognize that responding to diversity is a process

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21
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The use of ones own culture and its practices as the standard for interpreting the values, beliefs, norms, and communication of other cultures.

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22
Q

What does ethnocentrism literally mean?

A

Put our own ethnicity (ethno) at the center (centrism) or the universe

23
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

It recognizes that cultures vary in how they think, act, and behave as well as in what they believe and value.

24
Q

What are the five responses to diversity?

A
  1. Resistance
  2. Tolerance
  3. Understanding
  4. Respect
  5. Participation
25
Q

What is resistance?

A

Occurs when we attack the cultural practices of others or proclaim that our own cultural traditions are superior.

26
Q

What is assimilation?

A

When people give up their own ways and adopt those of the dominant culture

27
Q

What is tolerance?

A

The acceptance of differences even when we may not approve of or even understand them.

28
Q

What is understanding?

A

Understanding that differences are rooted in cultural teachings and that no customs, traditions, or behaviors are intrinsically better than any others.

29
Q

What is respect?

A

Allows us to acknowledge differences yet remain personally anchored primarily in the values and customs of our own culture

30
Q

What is participation?

A

We incorporate some of the practices and values of other groups into our own lives.

31
Q

What is multilingual?

A

We are able to speak and think in more than one language.

32
Q

What does dynamic mean?

A

They evolve and change over time

33
Q

What are the four primary sources of change in cultural life?

A
  1. Invention
  2. Diffusion
  3. Calamity
  4. Communication
34
Q

What is invention?

A

The creation of tools, ideas, and practices

35
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Borrowing from other cultures.

36
Q

What is calamity?

A

Adversity that brings about change in a culture.

37
Q

What is the primary way communication propels change?

A

By naming things in ways that shape how we understand them.

38
Q

What are social communities?

A

Groups of people who live within a dominant culture yet also are members of another group or groups that are not dominant in a particular society.

39
Q

What is high-context communication style?

A

It is indirect and undetailed

40
Q

What is a low-context communication style?

A

Explicit, detailed, and precise

41
Q

What are the two principles that illuminate the intimate relationship between communication and social communities and cultures?

A
  1. Communication expressed and sustains cultures

2. We learn culture in the process of communication.

42
Q

What are the two principles for minimizing misunderstandings between members of different cultures and social communities?

A
  1. Resist the ethnocentric bias

2. Recognize that responding to diversity is a process

43
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The use of ones own culture and its practices as the standard for interpreting the values, beliefs, norms, and communication of other cultures.

44
Q

What does ethnocentrism literally mean?

A

Put our own ethnicity (ethno) at the center (centrism) or the universe

45
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

It recognizes that cultures vary in how they think, act, and behave as well as in what they believe and value.

46
Q

What are the five responses to diversity?

A
  1. Resistance
  2. Tolerance
  3. Understanding
  4. Respect
  5. Participation
47
Q

What is resistance?

A

Occurs when we attack the cultural practices of others or proclaim that our own cultural traditions are superior.

48
Q

What is assimilation?

A

When people give up their own ways and adopt those of the dominant culture

49
Q

What is tolerance?

A

The acceptance of differences even when we may not approve of or even understand them.

50
Q

What is understanding?

A

Understanding that differences are rooted in cultural teachings and that no customs, traditions, or behaviors are intrinsically better than any others.

51
Q

What is respect?

A

Allows us to acknowledge differences yet remain personally anchored primarily in the values and customs of our own culture

52
Q

What is participation?

A

We incorporate some of the practices and values of other groups into our own lives.

53
Q

What is multilingual?

A

We are able to speak and think in more than one language.

Public Speaking (7 decks)

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