chapter 7: clouds Flashcards

1
Q

The result of condensation may be

A

fog, dew or clouds

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2
Q

The conditions of formation of condensation are:

A
  1. air must be saturated
  2. there are generally must be a surface on which the water vapor can condense.
  3. ascent of air
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3
Q

for any form of condensation the must be saturated. Saturation occurs when

A

the air is cooled below its dew point or

when sufficient water vapor is added to the air

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4
Q

there are generally must be a surface on which the water vapor can condense. This surface may be

A

an object at or near the ground where dew can form, or suspended particles in the atmosphere

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5
Q

This surface may be an object at or near the ground where dew can form, or suspended particles in the atmosphere (known as

A

condensation nuclei

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6
Q

define condensation nuclei

A

serve as surface on which water vapor condenses

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7
Q

fog forms near …………………….. and cloud at ………………….

A

the ground and clouds at a height

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8
Q

Condensation nuclei may be

A

dust, smoke and salt particles all of which are suspended in the atmosphere.

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9
Q

hygroscopics:

A

Particles that make the most effective cloud condensation nuclei

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10
Q

Particles that make the most effective cloud condensation nuclei are called hygroscopics which means

A

they are water-absorbent.

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11
Q

……………………………….. are also hygroscopics

A

Some familiar food items, such cracks and cereal

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12
Q

Some of the most common hygroscopic nuclei are

A

minute crystals of sulfate and nitrate compounds.

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13
Q

Hygroscopic nuclei are produced into the atmosphere by

A

burning (forest fires, automobiles and coal burning).

In addition salt from breaking ocean waves and

some particles found in ordinary dust can serve as cloud condensation nuclei

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14
Q

The important cloud-formation is the ascent of air. As a result,

A

, rising air expands and is cooled adiabatically. At a height called the lifting condensation level, the ascending parcel is cooled to its dew point temperature and further ascent causes condensation.

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15
Q

Clouds are one form of

A

condensation

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16
Q

Clouds are one form of condensation. They are best described as

A

visible aggregates of minute droplets of water or tiny crystals of ice.

17
Q

Clouds are classified on the basic of two criteria

A

form and height

18
Q

By form clouds are classified into:

A
  1. Cirrus: this type of cloud is formed at high altitudes, has a shape of thin white and often wispy. Cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals that originate from the freezing of supercooled water droplets. Cirrus generally occur in fair weather and point in the direction of air movement at their elevation.
  2. Cumulus: clouds which they consist of globular individual cloud masses that sometimes look like pieces of floating cotton. The base of each cloud is often flat and may be only 1000 meters (3300 feet) above the ground. The top of the cloud has rounded towers and domes.
  3. Stratus: Stratus clouds are best described as sheets or layers (strata) that cover much or all of the sky.
19
Q

By height clouds are classified into four basic types:

A
  1. High clouds.
  2. Middle clouds.
  3. Low clouds.
  4. Vertical development clouds
20
Q

High clouds are the family of

A

cirriform clouds:

cirrus, cirrostratus and cirrocumulus clouds.

21
Q

High clouds are normally have bases

A

above 6000m

22
Q

Middle clouds have the prefix

A

alto

23
Q

Middle clouds have the prefix alto as apart of name;

A

altostratus (As) and altocumulus (Ac)

24
Q

Middle clouds base height

A

between 2000-6000 m

25
Q

Low clouds are a family of

A

stratiform clouds;

stratus (St), stratocumulus (Sc) and nimbostratus (Ns)

26
Q

Low clouds base height

A

below 2000 m

27
Q

Nimbostratus clouds derive their name from

A

the Latin nimbus (rainy clouds) and stratus (to cover with a layer).

28
Q

Nimbostratus is one of the

A

chief precipitation producers

29
Q

Vertical development clouds associated with

A

unstable air

30
Q

Unstable air forms

A

updrafts (convection)

31
Q

Unstable air forms updrafts (convection), which produces

A

a type of clouds that extends vertically such as tower or dome

32
Q

Unstable air forms updrafts (convection), which produces a type of clouds that extends vertically such as tower or dome. This type is a form of

A

cumulus (Cu) clouds (cumulus and cumulonimbus)

33
Q

Cumulonimbus (Cb) is a cloud of

A

hazard weather such as thunderstorms, showers, turbulence

34
Q

1, 2, 3

A
35
Q

4, 5, 6

A
36
Q

7, 8, 9

A
37
Q

10, 11

A