Chapter 7- Attention and Scene Perception Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 7- Attention and Scene Perception Deck (41)
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1
Q

Attention

A

Any of the very large set of selective processes in the brain- To deal with the impossibilities

2
Q

Selective Attention

A

The form of attention involved when processing is restricted to a subset of the possible stimuli

3
Q

Varieties of Attention

External vs internal

A
  • External- attending to stimuli in the world

- Internal- attending to one line of thought over another line of thought or selecting one response over another

4
Q

cue

A

Stimulus that might indicate where or what a subsequent stimulus will be
-they can be calid invalid or neutral

5
Q

Exogenous cues

A

“hey look right here”

6
Q

Endogenous

A

Ok here is the code “red means look to the right..”

7
Q

Stimulus onset Asynchrony (SOA)

A

The time between the onset of one stimulus, the target, and the onset of another, the cue

8
Q

Inhibition of return (IOR)

A

The relative difficulty in getting attention (or the eyes) to move back to a recently attended (or fixated ) location

9
Q

Visual Search

A

Looking for a target in a display containing distracting elements

10
Q

Target

A

The goal of the visual search

11
Q

Distractor

A

In visual search any stimulus other than the target

12
Q

Set size

A

The number of items in a visual search display

13
Q

Feature search

A

-chose red bar among the blue –easy

14
Q

Conjunction search

A

Find red vertical bar among red/blue horizontal/vertical bar -medium hard

15
Q

Spatial configuration search

A

Find blue shape T among blue L- hard

16
Q

Feature searches are efficient

A

feature search: search for a target defined by a single attribute such as a salient color or orientation

17
Q

Salience

A

The vividness of a stimulus relative to its neighbor

18
Q

Parallel

A

in a visual attention, referring to the processing of multiple stimuli at the same time

19
Q

Real world searches

A
  • picture on wall

- coffee mug on table

20
Q

The binding problem

A

-the challenge of tying different attributes of visual stimuli( color, orientation, motion) which are handling by different brain circuits to the appropriate object so that we perceive a unified object

21
Q

Feature integration theory

A

Anne treismans theory of visual attention which holds that a limited set of basic features can be processed in parallel preventively but that other properties including that correct binding of features to objects require attention

22
Q

Preattentive Stage

A

the processing of a stimulus that occurs before selective attention is deployed to that stimulus

23
Q

Illusionary conjuction

A

-saying you saw red X, which is plausible, but it was blue

24
Q

Rapid serial visual representation RSVP

A

is used to study the temporal dynamics of visual attention think of it as visual search in time

25
Q

Attentional Blink

A

-The difficulty in perceiving and responding to the second of two target stimuli amid a RSVP stream of distracting stimuli

26
Q

3 ways responses of a cell could be changed by attention:

A

1) response enhancement -graph grows vertically
2) Sharper tuning -graph decreases horizontally
3) Altered tuning- graph moves over

27
Q

Fusiform Face area (FFA)

A

identifies face/facial expressions

28
Q

Parahippocampal place area

A

A region of cortex that responds to stimuli that indicates specific locations

29
Q

Visual-Field defect:

A

A portion of the visual field with no vision or with abnormal vision, typically resulting from damage to the visual nervous system

30
Q

Damage to parietal lobe

A

-visual field defect such that one of the world is not attended

31
Q

Neglect

A

in visual attention, the inability to attend to or respond to stimuli in the contralesional visual field

32
Q

Contralesional field

A

The visual field on the side opposite a brain lesion

33
Q

ipsilesional field

A

the visual field on the same side as a brain lesion

34
Q

Attention can be object based

A

evidence from neglect patients indicates that they sometimes neglect one side of an object rather than one side of the visual field

35
Q

Extinction

A

The visual attention the inability to perceive a stimulus to one side of the point of fixation (eg to the right) in the presence of another stimulus typically in a comparable position in the other visual field

36
Q

ADHD

A

one of the most common disorders of attention

  • impulsivity
  • hyperactivity
  • don’t follow direction
  • -only a little worse than normal kids on tests
37
Q

The two pathways to scene perception are?

A

Selective pathway: Permits the recognition of one or another very few objects at a time. this pathway passes through the bottleneck of selective attention

38
Q

Nonselective Pathway

A

Contributes information about the distribution of features across a scene as well as information about the gist of the scene . This pathway does not pass through the bottleneck of attention

39
Q

Ensemble statistics

A

The average and distribution of properties like orientation of color over a set of objects or over a region in a scene

40
Q

Change blindness

A

the failure to notice a change between two scenes. if the gist or meaning of the scene is not altered quite large changes can pass unnoticed

41
Q

inattentional blindness

A

a failure to notice– or at least to report a stimulus that would be easily reportable if it were attended