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PSYCHOLOGY 208 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (18)
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1
Q

language

A

the systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, which provides the basis for communication

2
Q

prelinguistic communication

A

communication through sounds, facial expressions, gestures, imitation, and other nonlinguistic means

3
Q

babbling

A

making speech like but meaningless sounds

4
Q

holophrases

A

one-word utterances that depend on the particular context in which they are used to determine meaning

5
Q

telegraphic speech

A

speech in which words not critical to the message are left out

6
Q

syntax

A

the combining of words and phrases to form sentences

7
Q

fast mapping

A

the process in which new words associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter

8
Q

grammar

A

the system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed

9
Q

pragmatics

A

the aspect of language relating to communicating effectively and appropriately with others

10
Q

private speech

A

spoken language that is not intended for others, commonly used by children during the preschool years

11
Q

social speech

A

speech directed toward another person and meant to be understood by that person

12
Q

metalinguistic awareness

A

an understanding of one’s own use of language

13
Q

learning theory approach

A

the theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning

14
Q

nativist approach

A

the theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs the development of language

15
Q

universal grammar

A

a similar underlying structure shared by all the world’s languages, according to the linguist Noam Chomsky

16
Q

language-acquisition device (LAD)

A

a neural system of the brain hypothesized to permit understanding of language structure and provide strategies for learning the particular characteristics of a language

17
Q

linguistic-relativity hypothesis

A

the theory that language shoes and may determine the way people of a given culture perceive and understand the world

18
Q

infant directed speech

A

a type of speech directed towards infants that is characterized by short, simple sentences