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Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (29)
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1
Q

linked genes

A

Genes located on the same chromosome.

2
Q

linkage group

A

Genes located together on the same chromosome.

3
Q

nonrecombinant (parental) gamete

A

Contains only the original combinations of genes present in the parents.

4
Q

nonrecombinant (parental) progeny

A

Possesses the original combinations of traits possessed by the parents.

5
Q

recombinant gamete

A

Possesses new combinations of genes.

6
Q

recombinant progeny

A

Possesses new combinations of traits formed from recombinant gametes.

7
Q

recombination frequency

A

Proportion of recombinant progeny produced in a cross.

8
Q

genetic map

A

Map of the relative distances between genetic loci, markers, or other chromosome regions determined by rates of recombination; measured in percent recombination or map units.

9
Q

coupling configuration

A

See cis configuration.

10
Q

repulsion configuration

A

See trans configuration.

11
Q

physical map

A

Map of physical distances between loci, genetic markers, or other chromosome segments; measured in base pairs.

12
Q

map unit

A

Unit of measure for distances on a genetic map; 1 map unit equals 1% recombination.

13
Q

centiMorgan (cM)

A

Another name for map unit.

14
Q

two point test cross

A

Cross between an individual heterozygous at two loci and an individual homozygous for recessive alleles at those loci.

15
Q

three point test cross

A

Cross between an individual heterozygous at three loci and an individual homozygous for recessive alleles at those loci.

16
Q

interference

A

Degree to which one crossover interferes with additional crossovers.

17
Q

coefficient of coincidence

A

Ratio of observed double crossovers to expected double crossovers.

18
Q

mapping function

A

Relates recombination frequencies to actual physical distances between genes.

19
Q

lod (logarithm of odds score)

A

Logarithm of the ratio of the probability of obtaining a set of observations, assuming a specified degree of linkage, to the probability of obtaining the same set of observations with independent assortment; used to assess the likelihood of linkage between genes from pedigree data.

20
Q

genetic marker

A

Any gene or DNA sequence used to identify a location on a genetic or physical map.

21
Q

linkage analysis

A

Gene mapping based on the detection of physical linkage between genes, as measured by the rate of recombination, in progeny from a cross.

22
Q

genome-wide association studies

A

Studies that look for nonrandom associations between the presence of a trait and alleles at many different loci scattered across a genome—that is, for associations between traits and particular suites of alleles in a population.

23
Q

haplotype

A

A specific set of linked genetic variants or alleles on a single chromosome or on part of a chromosome.

24
Q

linkage disequilibrium

A

Nonrandom association between genetic variants within a haplotype.

25
Q

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

A

Single-base-pair differences in DNA sequence between individual members of a species.

26
Q

somatic-cell hybridization

A

Fusion of different cell types.

27
Q

cell line

A

Genetically identical cells that divide indefinitely and can be cultured in the laboratory.

28
Q

heterokaryon

A

Cell possessing two nuclei derived from different cells through cell fusion.

29
Q

deletion mapping

A

Technique for determining the chromsomal location of a gene by studying the association of its phenotype or product with particular chromosome deletions.