Chapter 7 Flashcards Preview

Sociology 101 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (37)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Stratification

A

systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended/unintended consequences of social processes/relationships

2
Q

Four types of sratification

A

Race, family ties, location, ethnicity, gender, group advantage over another group

3
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

argued private property creates social inequalities and social conflict

4
Q

Adam Ferguson and John Millar

A

agreed w/ Rousseau that private property creates inequality but argued that it was GOOD because it made some people prosper and created assets

5
Q

Assets

A

Form of wealth that can be stored for the future

Ability to create assets=work incentive=higher efficiency=improved society

6
Q

Thoma Malthus

A

viewed inequality favorably but only to CONTROL POPULATION GROWTH

7
Q

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s Master-Slave Dialectic

A

said most social relationships were based on master-slave models in which the master becomes as dependent on the slave as the slave is to the master

8
Q

Ontological Equality

A

everyone is created equal in God’s eyes

9
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

Idea that inequality of condition is acceptable as long as everyone has the same opportunities for advancement and judged by same standards

10
Q

Equality of Condition

A

equal starting point

ex) affirmative action

11
Q

Equality of Outcome

A

Everyone in a society would end up with the same ‘rewards’ regardless of his or her starting point, opportunities, or contributions

12
Q

Estate System

A

politically based system of stratification, limited social mobility

13
Q

Caste System

A

system of stratification based on hereditary notions(religious&theological purity) NO PROSPECTS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

14
Q

Class System

A

economically based system of stratification, somewhat loose social mobility based on roles in production over individual characteristics

15
Q

Karl Marx

A

felt society was divided strictly by two classes: Proletariat ad Bourgeoisie

16
Q

Proletariat

A

working class

17
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Employing class

18
Q

Erik Olin Wright

A

developed concept of contradictory class locations

19
Q

contradictory class locations

A

idea that people can occupy locations in the class structure that fall between two “pure” classes

20
Q

Max Weber

A
concept that class is based on grouping people by the value of their property or labor
ex) Grad school students
21
Q

Status hierarchy system

A

stratification based on social prestige based on different things: occupation, lifestyle, membership in certain organizations

22
Q

Elite-Mass Dichotomy System

A

system of stratification that has a governing elite- few leaders who hold power of society
ex) North Korea

23
Q

Wilfredo Pareto

A

though the masses were better off in elite-mass system because most skilled and talented people would reach the governing elite
80/20 Rule:
80% merit/status
20% achievements

24
Q

C. Wright Mills

A

viewed elite-mass system as dangerous because it isolated power in the hands of few that rules in favor of their interests
endangers democracy

25
Q

What are the three levels of status?

A

Economic, politics, military

26
Q

Socioeconomic Status

A

refers to individuals position in a stratified social order

27
Q

Income vs. Wealth

A

Income: paychecks month to month (short term)
Wealth: investments, assets (long term)

28
Q

Upper Class

A

associated with income, wealth, power, and prestige

29
Q

Middle Class

A
Hard to define, 90% of Americans define themselves as middle class
Hard to separate middle class from working class
30
Q

What is the working class made up of?

A

white-collar workers and working class of manual laborers

31
Q

Income Gap

A

Gap between high-income and low-income has DRAMATICALLY increased over the last 30 yrs

32
Q

Poverty

A

official, government definition, unstable class, people tend to shift in and out of poverty over their lifetime

33
Q

Social Mobility

A

movement between different positions within a system of social stratification… horizontal or vertical movements

34
Q

Structural Mobility

A

mobility that happens from change in the economy such as expansion of high-tech jobs in the last 20 yrs

35
Q

Exchange Mobility

A

occurs when people essentially trade positions- overall job number stays the same but some people move up and some down

36
Q

Mobility Table

A

way to examine the process of individual mobility by comparing changes in occupational status between generations

37
Q

Status_Attainment Model

A

changes in occupational status between generations & includes factors like educational attainment, income, and prestige of the persons first job