Chapter 6 Vocabulary Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Vocabulary Deck (24)
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1
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

No nucleus
DNA in an unbound region
No membrane bound organelles
Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane

2
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.

3
Q

Cell

A

The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. A cell is the microcosm that demonstrates most of the themes shown in Chapter one.

4
Q

Light microscopes

A

Visible light is passes through the specimen and then through the glass lenses. The lenses refract the light in such a way, that the image of the specimen is magnified as it is projected into the eye.

5
Q

Magnification

A

The ratio of an object’s image to its real size

6
Q

Resolution

A

A measure of the clarity of the image.

7
Q

Electron Microscope

A

Focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface. There are two types: the Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission electron microscope

8
Q

Cell fractionation

A

To take cells apart and separate the major organelles from one another.

9
Q

Centrifuges/Ultracentrifuges

A

Powerful machines that spin the test tube full of mixtures of disrupted cells and separates them by size and density.

10
Q

Cytosol

A

A semi fluid substance in which organelles are found

11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

12
Q

Pore complex

A

The pore complex lines each pore and regulates the entry of macro-molecules and particles.

13
Q

Nuclear lamina

A

A net-like array of protein filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope.

14
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structures that carry the genetic information. Each chromosome is made up of chromatin, a complex of proteins and DNA.

15
Q

Nucleolus

A

RNA is synthesized from instructions in the DNA here. Also, proteins are imported from the cytoplasm are assembled with r RNA into large and small ribosomal sub units in the nucleolus.

16
Q

Ribosomes

A

Made up of r RNA and proteins, organelles that carry out protein synthesis.

17
Q

Smooth ER(functions)

A

Synthesizes lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

18
Q

Rough ER(functions)

A

Make secretory proteins and is a membrane factory for the cell. Grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane.

19
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Products of the ER are modified, stored,and sent to other destinations. Especially extensive in cells specialized in secretion.

20
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest all kinds of macro-molecules. If a lysosome breaks open, the enzymes are not very active, because the cytosol has a neutral pH. However, excessive leakage from a large number of lysosomes can destroy a cell by auto-digestion.

21
Q

Vacuoles(functions)

A

Store food, pump excess water out.

22
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane.

23
Q

motility

A

The term cell MOTILITY encompasses both changes in cell location and more limited movements of parts of the cell.

24
Q

Cytoskeleton(components)

A

fibers, including micro-tubules, micro-filaments, and intermediate filaments