Chapter 6 - Theorizing About Youth Crime and Delinquency Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 6 - Theorizing About Youth Crime and Delinquency Deck (23)
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1
Q

Refers to the group of theories that begins with the assumption that structures of power and oppression are the source of crime (race, class, gender, and to some extent, age structures in society).

A

Critical Personative on Crime

2
Q

The practice of moving individuals from institutional strings into community facilities and programs.

A

Decarceration

3
Q

Refers to assumptions about society as being free of disorder.

A

Social Order

4
Q

The ability of a person or group to force others to do what they wish.

A

Power

5
Q

The process whereby a person or group comes to be officially and/or publicly known as “criminal”.

A

Criminalization

6
Q

An event involving the convergence of a motivated offender, a suitable target(s), and the absence of controls.

A

Criminal Event

7
Q

Attempts to explain crime and delinquency through notions of imitation and modelling.

A

Social-Learning Theory

8
Q

Posits that relationships between delinquent behaviour and other variables are not unidirectional, but rather are bidirectional.

A

Interactional Theory

9
Q

The negative outcome experienced by people due to physical force by an oppressor or structural arrangements (law and political policy) that remove or restrict their rights.

A

Oppression

10
Q

The theory that children undergo a succession of role and status changes as they grow older.

A

Lifecourse Theory

11
Q

The theory that people possess varying degrees of useful and valuable social goods (supportive family and neighbours and an education or good grades in school).

A

Social-Capitol Theory

12
Q

Investments in institutional relationships, such as family, work, and school.

A

Social Capital

13
Q

Type of offender (about 5% of young offenders) who begins with childhood biting and hitting at around age 4, and whose behaviour escalates and continues to such adulthood occurences as violent assault, spouse battery; and abandonment, neglect, or abuse of children.

A

Life Course-Persistent

14
Q

Type of offender (the majority of young offenders) who does not have childhood history of antisocial behaviour, but engage in this behaviour only in adolescence, only inconsistently, and only when it is rewarding and/or profitable to do so.

A

Adolescence-Limited

15
Q

Attempts to explain criminal behaviour by understanding the processes whereby individuals acquire and become committed to deviant roles.

A

Role Theory

16
Q

Describes terms that are assumed to refer to both males and females (gangs).

A

Androgynous

17
Q

A belief that crime rates are lower for women and girls because people are less likely to view their behaviour as criminal.

A

Chivalry Hypothesis

18
Q

A belief that women’s and girls’ criminal behaviour is becoming more like that of men and boys because of the women’s liberation movement.

A

Liberation Hypothesis

19
Q

Attempts to explain class and gender differences in delinquency by the structure of family relations, whether egalitarian or patriarchal.

A

Power-Control Theory

20
Q

A set of structural relations that creates, reinforces, and perpetuates male dominance and control over women.

A

Patriarchy

21
Q

An ethical or moral standard based on nurturing attitudes of caring for the welfare and well-being of others.

A

Care Ethics

22
Q

The study of signs and symbols.

A

Semiotics

23
Q

A method of interpreting texts, movies, TV programs, and other cultural symbols and practices.

A

Deconstruction