Chapter 6: Religions Flashcards Preview

Cultural Geography > Chapter 6: Religions > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 6: Religions Deck (24)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Syncretic

A

Combining several traditions

2
Q

Solstice

A

special significance in some ethnic religions

3
Q

universalizing religions

A
  • attempt to be global by appealing to all people regardless of location or culture (58 percent of world)
  • individual founder
  • wide diffusion & distribution
  • holidays based on events in founders life
4
Q

fundamentalism

A

literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion

5
Q

branch

A

large and fundamental division within a religion

6
Q

ethnic religions

A
  • often remain within the culture where they originated
  • more clustered distributions
  • unknown source
    -physical geography
    -holidays based on local climate/agriculture
    Example: Hinduism
7
Q

Describe the classification of world religions.

A

universalizing vs ethnic

8
Q

Summarize the distribution of major religions.

A

Christianity: mainly Europe, Latin America, & United States
Islam: sunni in Southwest Asia & North Africa; shiite in Middle Eastern countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Oman, & Bahrain
Buddhism: Asia

9
Q

Confucianism

A

more of a spiritual practice than religion
Confucius (K’ung Tze) dedicated his life to education
Analects - compilation of his teachings & standards for conduct
“beautiful conduct”

10
Q

Taoism

A

China
Dao (the way)
Feng shui
Yin & Yang

11
Q

Animism

A

ethnic religion whose followers believe that inanimate objects or nature events have spirits/conscious life

12
Q

Judaism

A

Torah

13
Q

3 Branches of Christianity

A

Roman catholic, Eastern Orthodox, & Protestant

14
Q

Five pillars of islam

A
  1. declare faith
  2. prayer
  3. fasting
  4. alms giving
  5. pilgrimage
15
Q

Difference between Shite and Sunni

A

Shite: believed successor should be related to Muhammed (Ali)
Sunni: successor should be decided by community (Abu bakr, his advisor)

16
Q

Four noble truths

A
  1. all living things suffer
  2. suffering is caused by desire & leads to reincarnation
  3. goal is to escape cycle of reincarnation & suffering
  4. nirvana is reached through eightfold path (rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, & meditation)
17
Q

three branches of buddhism

A

Theravad (traditional)
Mahayana (universal salvation)
Vajrayana (more efficient)

18
Q

vedas

A

ancient hindu scripture

19
Q

role of places of worship

A

sacred structures that physically anchor religion to landscape

20
Q

How do climate, topography, religious doctrine and culture influence burial practices?

A

Cemetaries: public open space in congested urban places prior to 19th century
Cremation: wash bodies with water from Ganges River, then burn with funeral pyre

21
Q

Significant holidays in:

  1. Islam
  2. Christianity
  3. Buddhism
  4. Judaism
A
  1. based on lunar calendar; celebrate end of Ramadaan
  2. based on seasonal changes; christmas (winter), easter (spring)
  3. important dates in Buddha’s life (e.g. Vesak is his bday)
  4. based on dates in Hebrew bible, moon & sun; Shabbat is sundown on friday
22
Q

Hindu Caste system

A

strict rules on what class a Hinu is born into
can’t move out of caste system
lowest are untouchables, highest are brahmans

23
Q

Conflict between communism and religion in former Soviet Union and China

A

Soviet union: Church buildings and property were nationalized
China: “protects normal religious activities” but also has only 5 sanctioned religious organizations

24
Q

Factors that contribute to religious conflict in the Middle East

A

conflicts more likely to occur at boundary between 2 religions