Chapter 6- Cognitive development approaches Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 6- Cognitive development approaches Deck (24)
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1
Q

What do Piaget’s theories stress?

A
  • that children actively construct their own knowledge

- believed children went through systematic changes

2
Q

What are the 5 Processes of development?

A

SCHEMES- actions or mental representations that organize knowledge; concepts
ASSIMILATION- children use existing schemes to incorporate knowledge
ACCOMMODATION- adjusting schemes to fit knew knowledge, info or experiences
ORGANIZATION- children begin to group thoughts for better functioning; continually refining
EQUILIBRIUM- the transition from one stage of development to the next

3
Q

Define the process schemes.

A

Concepts or mental representations that organize knowledge

4
Q

Define the process assimilation.

A

children use existing schemes to incorporate knowledge

5
Q

Define the process accommodation.

A

adjusting schemes to fit knew knowledge, info or experience

6
Q

Define the process of organization

A

children begin to group thoughts for better function; pruning

7
Q

Define the process of equilibrium.

A

the transition from one stage of development tot the next

8
Q

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of development?

A

Sensorimotor- birth to 2
Pre operational- 2 to 7yrs
Concrete operations- 7 to 10 yrs
Formal operations- 11 through adulthood

9
Q

What is the sensory motor stage of cognitive development by piaget?

A
  • from birth to 2

- begin understanding the world by co-ordinating sensory experiences (sense) with physical experiences (motor)

10
Q

What are the 6 substages of sensory motor cognitive development?

A

Simple reflexes
First habits and primary circular reactions
Secondary circular reactions
Coordination of secondary circular reactions
Tertiary circular reactions
Internalization of schemes

11
Q

Describe the sensorimotor substage SIMPLE REFLEXES.

A
  • First month
  • sensation and action are coordinated through reflexes
  • infants begin to produce behaviours that resemble reflexes in absence of stimuli
12
Q

Describe the sensorimotor substage FIRST HABITS AND CIRCULAR REACTIONS,

A
  • 1 to 4 months
  • coordinate sensation with …
    habit (schemes from reflexes that have become separate from stimuli) and primary circular action (schemes used to produce an event that initially occurred by chance)
  • habits and circular reactions are repeated the same way each time aka stereotyped
13
Q

Describe the sensorimotor substage SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION.

A
  • 4 to 8 months
  • infants become more OBJECT ORIENTED and less preoccupied with self
  • SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION are when schemes are repeated because of their CONSEQUENCES
14
Q

Describe the sensorimotor substage COORDINATION OF SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS.

A

8-12 MONTHS

  • coordination begins of vision and touch, hand and eye
  • actions become more outward directed
  • infants readily combine and recombine schemes in a coordinated way
15
Q

Describe the sensorimotor substage TERTIARY REACTION, NOVELTY AND CURIOSITY.

A
  • 12-18 months

- explores what they can make objects do

16
Q

Describe the sensorimotor substage INTERNALIZATION OF SCHEMES.

A
  • 18-21 months
  • developed ability to use primitive symbols (an internalized sensory image or word that represents an event
    example:
    a child saw a match box being opened and closed and later mimic the event by opening and closing her mouth
17
Q

5 months old look for _____ things.

A

new or novel

18
Q

Transfer of information from the sense of touch to the sense of vision occurs at ___ months

A

5

19
Q

What is object permanence?

A

understanding that objects continue to exist even when you can’t see them

20
Q

What is the A-not-B error?

A

the mistake of selecting the same hiding place (A) instead of a new one (B)

21
Q

Several theorists argue that infants ________ abilities are highly developed very early in life.

A

perceptual

22
Q

How do infants see objects shortly after birth or by at least 3-4 months?

A

objects are seen as bound, unitary, solid, and separate from their background

23
Q

Piaget was wrong about when certain _______abilities started

A

cognitive

24
Q

What is Piaget’s ‘core knowledge approach’?

A

the theory that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems
examples of domain specific knowledge systems…space, number senses, object permanence, language