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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (39)
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1
Q

Natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and questioning of accepted beliefs

A

Scientific Revolution

2
Q

Thought sun was in center of universe

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

3
Q

Sun-centered

A

Heliocentric

4
Q

17 YO who discovered four moons on the planet Jupiter

A

Galileo Galilei

5
Q

Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

A

Scientific Method

6
Q

Believed that by better understanding the world, scientists would generate practical knowledge that would improve people’s lives

A

Francis Bacon

7
Q

Developed analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry

A

René Descartes

8
Q

Helped bring Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo breakthroughs into 1 law of motion

A

Issac Newton

9
Q

Concluded that certain mathematical laws govern planetary motion

A

Johannes Kepler

10
Q

According to Ptolemy, what was earth’s position in the universe? How did Copernicus’s view differ? Which did Kepler’s observations support?

A

Earth was centered, Copernicus said that sun was centered, keplers observations supported Copernicus

11
Q

What are four steps in the scientific method?

A

Make an observation, form hypothesis, experiment, analyze/interpret data

12
Q

List four instruments that came into use during the Scientific Revolution. Identify the purpose of each one.

A

Microscope- observe bacteria
Mercury Barometer- measuring atmospheric pressure and predicting weather
Mercury Thermometer- showed water freezing at 32 degrees
Thermometer- showed water freezing at 0 degrees

13
Q

Thinkers attempted to apply principles of reason and scientific method to all aspects of society

A

Enlightenment

14
Q

People define and limit their individual rights

A

Social Contract

15
Q

Believed people could learn from experience

A

John Locke

16
Q

Life, liberty, and property

A

Natural Rights

17
Q

Social critics in France

A

Philosophies

18
Q

The most brilliant and influential philosophies

A

Voltaire

19
Q

Concluded that Rome’s collapse was directly related to its loss of political liberties

A

Montesquieu

20
Q

Division of power among branches

A

Separation of Powers

21
Q

Committed to individual freedom

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

22
Q

Disagreed with Rousseau/ thought that women education shouldn’t be 2nd to men’s

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

23
Q

How did the ideas of Hobbes and Locke differ?

A

Locke said that people could learn from experience and Hobbes said that people were sinful by nature

24
Q

What did Montesquieu believe led to the fall of Rome? What did he admire about the government of Britain?

A

Loss of political liberties: admired the separation of Powers between 3 branches

25
Q

How did the enlightenment lead to a more secular outlook?

A

People began to openly question religious beliefs and teaching of church and scientists then found these questions could be answered mathematically

26
Q

Hostesses that had regular social gatherings

A

Salons

27
Q

Grand, ornate style

A

Barcque

28
Q

New classical

A

Neoclassical

29
Q

Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and made reforms that reflected the enlightenment spirit

A

Enlightened Despots

30
Q

Ruler most admired by philosophes

A

Catherine the Great

31
Q

Name three developments in the arts during the enlightenment.

A

1) Neoclassical art emerged- a simple, elegant style based on ideas and themes of ancient Rome/Greece. 2) Classical music emerged- new, lighter, more elegant style of music 3) Novels emerged- lengthy works of prose fiction.

32
Q

What’s sorts of reforms did the enlightened depots make? In what respects did their reforms fail?

A

1) Frederick II- He granted religious freedom, reduced censorship, and improved education but did nothing to end serfdom because he wanted the support of the Nobles. 2) Joseph II- introduced legal reforms and freedom of press, abolished serfdom. 3) Catherine the Great- tried to give religious tolerance/abolish torture but it wasn’t approved. Brought back serfdom

33
Q

Based on john Locke and enlightenment

A

Declaration of Independence

34
Q

Wrote Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

35
Q

Each branch checking the other two

A

Checks and Balances

36
Q

Power divided was divided between national and state governments

A

Federal System

37
Q

10 amendments added to the constitution

A

Bill of Rights

38
Q

Why did the Articles of Confederation result in a weak national government?

A

Power rested in the states and congress couldn’t pass any laws without approval of 9/13 states

39
Q

How did the writers of the US Constitution out into practice the separation of Powers? A system of checks and balances?

A

Established 3 branches in which power was equally divided and these three branches could veto each other’s decisions