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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (44)
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1
Q

_________: focused on uncertainty in life and angst (word with a meaning between the English words dread and anxiety)… it is this angst that
causes people to stop sleepwalking through life as people create themselves.

A

Soren Kierkegaard

2
Q

________: developed phenomenological existentialism

A

Martin Heidegger

3
Q

_______ states that we exist
“in the world” and should not try to think of ourselves as beings apart from the world into which we are thrown); moods and feelings reflect understanding on whether people are living authentically or inauthentically constructing life around the expectations of others; Living authentically implies: 1. Being true to our own evaluation of what constitutes a meaningful
existence 2. Accepting responsibility for the fact that we create our lives by the choices we make

A

phenomenological existentialism

4
Q

_______ called excuses “bad faith.”

A

Sartre

5
Q

Freedom is hard to face, so we tend to invent an excuse by saying, “I can’t change now because of my past conditioning.”Satre would say this is an example of _______.

A

bad faith

6
Q

emotional problems occur when people fail to acknowledge freedom and choices;
excuses for why people didn’t change are termed ______; to choose is to become committed; example: “Of course I’m this way, look at my parents,”

A

bad faith

7
Q

bad faith refers to leading an _________.

A

inauthentic existence

8
Q

Philosophically, the ________ would agree that:
1. The final decisions and choices rest with the client 2. People redefine themselves by their choices 3. A person can go beyond early conditioning 4. Making choices can create anxiety

A

existentialist

9
Q

Four Prominent Developers in Contemporary Existential Psychotherapy:

A

Viktor Frankl,
Rollo May,
James Bugental
Irvin Yalom

10
Q

“He who has a why to live for can bear with almost any how”

A

Viktor Frankl

11
Q
  1. Developed logotherapy (therapy through meaning) where he sheds
    light on what it means to be fully alive 2. Central themes: life has meaning; the central motivation for living is the will to meaning; the freedom to find meaning in all that one thinks; and the integration of body, mind, and spirit 3. Challenges clients to find meaning through suffering, work, and love and other things
A

Viktor Frankl

12
Q

Wrote Existential Psychotherapy

A

Irvin Yalom

13
Q

Focuses on four ultimate human concerns: death; freedom; existential isolation; and meaninglessness

A

Irvin Yalom

14
Q

The basic goals of existential theory are:

A

to expand self-awareness,
to increase choice potentials,
to help clients accept the responsibility of choosing, and
to help the client experience authentic existence

15
Q

Our _______ goes hand and hand and requires us to accept responsibility for directing our own life and we are free to choose who we will be

A

freedom and responsibility

16
Q

_____ implies that we are responsible for our lives, for our actions, and for our failures to take action.

A

Freedom

17
Q

_________ – being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose (which means – the person does not live authentically; allowing others to define us or to make choices for us)

A

Existential guilt

18
Q

People are condemned to ______ and have a commitment to choose for self

A

freedom

19
Q

Freedom and Responsibility go hand in hand; so, clients must accept responsibility or there will be no ______.

A

profit from therapy

20
Q

Although people are not free from conditions, they are free to ___________.

A

take a stand against these restrictions

21
Q

Therapist assist clients in discovering how they are ________ and encourage them to risk using it.

A

avoiding freedom

22
Q

Relatedness to other human beings can be therapeutic if balanced with _________.

A

aloneness.

23
Q

the courage to be was coined by

A

Paul Tillich

24
Q

_________ involved being aware of our finite nature gives people an appreciation of ultimate concerns

A

The courage to be

25
Q

The __________ involves the following issues: discarding old values, meaninglessness, creating our own value system, and the struggle for significance in life

A

search for meaning

26
Q

Existential therapists can provide the conceptual framework for helping clients challenge the meaning in their lives, and thus ________.

A

search for meaning

27
Q

Existential therapy is best considered as an experimental approach to __________.

A

understanding humans

28
Q

expanding _________ is a basic goal of therapy.

A

awareness

29
Q

The central issue in therapy is ____________.

A

freedom and responsibility

30
Q

Part of the therapist’s function and role is that they be a

________ for the client to be used in various ways.

A

companion

31
Q
  1. Have no stable techniques and they are guided by the uniqueness of each client 2. It stresses the I/Thou encounter in the therapy process 3. It focuses on the use of the therapist’s self as the core of therapy4. It allows for incorporation of techniques from many other approaches
A

existential therapy

32
Q

_________ is best considered as an invitation to clients to recognize the ways in which they are not living fully authentic lives and to make choices that will lead to their becoming what they are capable of being. An aim of therapy is to assist clients in moving toward authenticity and learning to recognize when they are deceiving themselves. It aims at helping clients face anxiety and engage in action that is based on the authentic purpose of creating a worthy existence.

A

Existential therapy

33
Q

Therapists must first have a depth and openness in their own lives before they
venture into the client’s lives, and this venture into the lives of clients may change the therapist’s personal life as well .
TRUE or FALSE

A

True (existential therapy)

34
Q

________ has three phases of counseling: 1. Initial phase: counselors assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world and examine values and beliefs a. Therapist encourages client to examine client’s role in creating
their problems in living
2. Middle phase: clients are encouraged to more fully examine the source and authority of their present value system 3. Final phase: helping clients take what they are learning about themselves and put it into action

A

existential therapy

35
Q

Aim of therapy: find ways of implementing client’s ________________ in a concrete way.

A

examined

and internalized values

36
Q

Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients struggling with ________, doing grief/loss work, confronting death, or facing a significant decision

A

developmental crisis

37
Q

Strength of existential therapy is its focus on available choices and pathways toward _______.

A

personal growth

38
Q

Existential therapy is best suited for clients who are committed to dealing with their problems about living, who feel alienated from the current expectations of society, those who are searching for meaning in their lives, those who are experiencing a lack of identity, or those on the _______.

A

edge of existence

39
Q

Existentialists are excessively ________ and they ignore the social factors that cause human problems (ie: if someone’s circumstances truly are limited)

A

individualistic

40
Q

Some clients may experience a deep sense of frustration and feelings of powerlessness when it comes to making changes outside of themselves, such as the external realities of racism, discrimination, and oppression … if therapists continue to push the idea that the client has the power to change, the client may feel patronized and _____.

A

misunderstood

41
Q

Existential therapy is highly focused on the philosophical assumption of __________, which doesn’t account for the complex factors that many
people who have been oppressed must deal with

A

self-determination

42
Q

Clients get a lack of direction from the therapist and _____ are responsible for determining where therapy goes

A

clients

43
Q

The view that death is a positive force because it gives __________.

A

meaning to living.

44
Q

Since few techniques are generated by this theory, therapists must develop their own innovative procedures to ____________.

A

borrow from other schools of therapy