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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (32)
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0
Q

Secondary groups

A

A group that is relatively large in number and not as intimate or long in duration as a primary group.

1
Q

Total institution

A

An organization cut off from the rest of society in which individuals are subject to strict social control.

2
Q

Reference groups

A

Any group used by the individual as a standard for evaluating her or his attitudes, values, and behaviors.

3
Q

Coercive organizations

A

Organizations for which membership is involuntary; examples are prison and mental hospitals.

4
Q

Group

A

A collection of individuals who interact and communicate, share goals and norms, and who have a subjective awareness as “we”.

5
Q

Mcdonaldization

A

The increasing and ubiquitous presence of the fast-food model in vast numbers of organizations.

6
Q

Group size effect

A

The effect upon the person of groups of varying sizes.

7
Q

Normative organizations

A

An organization having a voluntary membership and that pursues goals; examples are the PTA or a political party.

8
Q

Duos

A

A group consisting of two people.

9
Q

Risky shift

A

The tendency for group members, after discussion and interaction, to engage in riskier behavior than they would while alone.

10
Q

Coalition

A

An alliance formed by two or more individuals or groups to achieve certain ends.

11
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A type of formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality.

12
Q

Social network

A

A set of links between individuals or other social units such as groups or organizations.

13
Q

Groupthink

A

A tendency for group members to reach a consensus at all costs.

14
Q

Triad

A

A group consisting of three people.

15
Q

Attribution

A

Error made in attributing the causes for someone’s behavior to their membership in a particular group, such as a racial group.

16
Q

Formal organization

A

A large secondary group organized to accomplish a complex task or set of tasks.

17
Q

Tenure

A

A guarantee of continuing employment in an organization.

18
Q

Organizational culture

A

The collective norms and values that shape the behavior of people within an organization.

19
Q

Instrumental needs

A

Emotionally neutral, task-oriented needs.

20
Q

Deindividuation

A

The feeling that ones self has merged with a group.

21
Q

Primary group

A

A group characterized by intimate, face-to-face interaction and relatively long-lasting relationships.

22
Q

Expressive needs

A

Needs for intimacy, companionship, and emotional support.

23
Q

Utilitarian

A

A profit or nonprofit organization that pays it’s employees salaries or wages.

24
Q

Polarization shift

A

A shift of group opinion in terms of risk, either an increase or a degree of risk, from before discussion to after discussion.

25
Q

Attribution theory

A

The principle that dispositional attributions are made about others in different groups or circumstances

26
Q

Organizational ritualism

A

A situation in which rules become ends in themselves rather than means to an end.

27
Q

Coercive organization

A

Organizations for which membership is involuntary; examples are prisons and mental hospitals.

28
Q

Normative organization

A

An organization having a voluntary membership and that pursues goals; examples are the PTA or a political party.

29
Q

Reference groups

A

Any group used by the individual as a standard for evaluating her or his attitudes, values, and behaviors.

30
Q

Secondary groups

A

A group that is relatively large in number and not as intimate or long in duration as a primary group.

31
Q

Utilitarian

A

organizations profit or nonprofit organization that pays it’s employees salaries or wages.