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A&P 507 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of these is not part of the skeletal system?
	 ligaments
	 cartilage
	 bones
	 tendons
A

tendons

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2
Q

Which of these is a primary role of the skeletal system?
muscle attachment site
calcium homeostasis
leverage
All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system.

A

All of these are primary roles of the skeletal system.

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3
Q 
The patella is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 long
	 short
	 sesamoid
	 flat
A

sesamoid

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4
Q 
The shaft of a long bone is also called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 epiphysis
	 metaphysis
	 diaphysis
	 medullary cavity
A

diaphysis

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5
Q 
A vertebra is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 irregular
	 short
	 flat
	 dense
A

irregular

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6
Q 
The end of a long bone is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 epiphysis
	 metaphysis
	 diaphysis
	 callus
A

epiphysis

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7
Q 
The humerus is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 irregular
	 sesamoid
	 short
	 long
	 flat
A

long

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8
Q 
The large proximal projection on the femur is termed the
	 condyle.
	 trochanter.
	 tuberosity.
	 tubercle.
	 ramus.
A

trochanter.

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9
Q 
A hole through a bone is termed a
	 facet.
	 linea.
	 foramen.
	 tubercle.
	 ramus.
A

foramen.

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10
Q 
The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a
	 crest.
	 trochlea.
	 ridge.
	 head.
	 condyle.
A

condyle.

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11
Q 
A shallow depression on a bone is termed a
	 facet.
	 sulcus.
	 fissure.
	 line.
	 fossa.
A

fossa.

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12
Q

A chamber within a bone normally filled with air is a ________.

A

sinus

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13
Q

A(n) ________ is a rounded passageway for passage of blood vessels and/or nerves.

A

foramen

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14
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ function to break down bone for release of calcium.
        osteocytes
        osteoblasts
        osteoclasts
        oteoprogenitor cells
A

osteoclasts

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15
Q 
Which of the following characteristics applies to the cells known as osteoclasts?
	 They are stem cells.
	 The cells secrete matrix.
	 The cells dissolve matrix.
	 They are mature bone cells.
A

The cells dissolve matrix.

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16
Q 
Osteoblasts differentiate from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 osteoclasts
	 osteomedullary cells
	 osteocytes
	 osteoprogenitor cells
A

osteoprogenitor cells

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17
Q

Osteoblasts are squamous cells that develop into ___________.
osteocytes
osteoclasts
osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts develop into all three of these cell types.

A

osteocytes

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18
Q 
The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a
	 Volkmann's canal.
	 Haversian canal.
	 lacuna.
	 Venetian canal.
	 trabecula.
A

lacuna.

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19
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.
	 Osteoid
	 Osteoprogenitor
	 Chondroblast
	 Osteocyte
	 Osteoclast
A

Osteoprogenitor

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20
Q 
The lacunae of osseous tissue contain
	 osteocytes.
	 capillaries.
	 blood cells.
	 bone marrow.
	 chondroblasts.
A

osteocytes

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21
Q 
Spongy bone comprises an open meshwork of osseous spicules called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 osteons
	 trabeculae
	 concentric lamellae
	 lacunae
A

trabeculae

22
Q 
The type of bone that forms the diaphysis of a long bone is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone.
	 spongy
	 trabecular
	 compact
	 cancellous
A

compact

23
Q 
Spongy bone is filled with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 fatty marrow
	 red marrow
	 compact bone
	 the osteons
A

red marrow

24
Q 
Fat is stored within the
	 epiphysis.
	 spongy bone.
	 metaphysis.
	 diaphysis.
	 medullary cavity.
A

medullary cavity.

25
Q 
In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are
	 proximal.
	 diagonal.
	 anterior.
	 parallel.
	 radial.
A

parallel.

26
Q

The trabeculae of spongy bone
are composed mostly of cartilage.
are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis.
will collapse under stress.
are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone.
are organized along stress lines.

A

are organized along stress lines.

27
Q 
Migration of blood vessels into the central region of the cartilage bone model, starting bone development, occurs at which site?
	 periosteum
	 primary ossification center
	 secondary ossification center
	 epiphysis
A

primary ossification center

28
Q

Migration of osteoblasts into the ___________ creates the __________.
diaphysis, tertiary ossification center
epiphysis, secondary ossification center
epiphysis, primary ossification center
diaphysis, secondary ossification center

A

epiphysis, secondary ossification center

29
Q

Oxygen and nutrients are essential to osteoblasts and formation of new bone.

A

Oxygen and nutrients are essential to osteoblasts and formation of new bone.

30
Q 
What structure is necessary for a bone to grow in length?
	 periosteal bud
	 diaphysis
	 lacunae
	 epiphyseal cartilage
A

epiphyseal cartilage

31
Q 
Endochondral bone development begins with the formation of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 epiphysis
	 metaphysis
	 cartilage model
	 diaphysis
A

cartilage model

32
Q 
The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as
	 hardening.
	 osteogenesis.
	 remodeling.
	 calcification.
	 ossification.
A

ossification.

33
Q 
Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?
	 roof of the skull
	 the roof of the skull and the clavicle
	 carpal bones
	 femur
	 clavicle
A

the roof of the skull and the clavicle

34
Q 
Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
	 osteoblasts model.
	 membranous model.
	 calcified model.
	 cartilage model.
	 fibrous connective-tissue model.
A

cartilage model.

35
Q 
Secondary ossification centers occur
	 at the periosteum.
	 in the epiphyses.
	 in the diaphysis.
	 in dermal bones.
	 in the metaphyses.
A

in the epiphyses.

36
Q

Which of these cell types plays a role in bone remodeling?
osteoclast
osteoblast
osteocyte
All of these types of cells are involved in bone remodeling.

A

All of these types of cells are involved in bone remodeling.

37
Q

If osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts, bones may become __________.
stronger
denser
thicker
Any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts.

A

Any of these changes may result if osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts.

38
Q 
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
	 parathyroid hormone (PTH)
	 calcitonin
	 calcitriol
	 thyroid hormones
A

calcitonin

39
Q

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
increase osteoclasts
increase osteoblasts on bone
increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney

A

increase osteoblasts on bone

40
Q 
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
	 calcitriol
	 thyroid hormones
	 calcitonin
	 vitamin D
A

calcitriol

41
Q

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
calcitonin
calcitriol

A

calcitriol

42
Q 
Calcitriol is required for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 collagen synthesis
	 quieting osteoblasts
	 activating osteoclasts
	 absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate
A

absorbing dietary calcium and phosphate

43
Q 
A lack of exercise could
	 cause bones to store more calcium.
	 cause bones to become longer.
	 cause bones to lose their medullary cavity.
	 cause bones to become thicker.
	 result in porous and weak bones.
A

result in porous and weak bones.

44
Q 
Which hormone increases blood calcium upon secretion?
	 Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
	 parathyroid hormone (PTH)
	 growth factor
	 thyroid hormone
A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

45
Q 
Parathyroid hormone causes what response in the kidneys?
	 retention of calcium ions
	 increased osteoblast activity
	 increased rate of calcium uptake
	 decreased calcium ion retention
A

retention of calcium ions

46
Q 
Roughly what portion of the body's total calcium content is deposited in the skeleton?
	 75%
	 99%
	 95%
	 85%
A

99%

47
Q 
A drop in blood calcium levels stimulates the secretion of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 thyroid hormone
	 parathyroid hormone
	 calcitonin
	 growth hormone
A

parathyroid hormone

48
Q 
A child with rickets often has
	 oversized facial bones.
	 inadequate muscle development.
	 long fingers.
	 bowed legs.
	 frequent bruises.
A

bowed legs.

49
Q 
Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of
	 potassium.
	 sodium.
	 calcium.
	 iron.
	 sulfate.
A

calcium.

50
Q

How is vitamin D (vitamin D3) related to calcium homeostasis in bone?
Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract so calcium is available for ossification and remodeling.
Vitamin D is regulated by osteoclast activity.
Vitamin D is produced by osteoblasts during endochondral ossification.
Vitamin D replaces calcium in the skeleton.
Vitamin D provides a framework for calcium in the matrix.

A

Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption by the digestive tract so calcium is available for ossification and remodeling.

51
Q 
Which of the following is formed immediately after a fracture?
	 external callus
	 hematoma
	 spongy bone
	 internal callus
A

hematoma

52
Q 
When a fractured bone heals it leaves a thickened region known as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	 fracture hematoma
	 bone scab
	 tuberosity
	 callus
A

callus

A&P 507 (12 decks)

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