Chapter 5: Race and Ethnicity Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 5: Race and Ethnicity Deck (33)
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1
Q

race

A

classification system that is sometimes understood as arising from genetically significant differences among human populations, or from visible differences in human physiognomy

2
Q

ethnic group

A

group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural tradition, often living as a minority group in a larger society

3
Q

acculturation

A

adoption by an ethnic group of enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially

4
Q

assimilation

A

complete blending of an ethnic group into the host society, resulting in the loss of all distinctive ethnic traits

5
Q

ethnic homelands

A

sizable areas inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region and often exercises some measure of political and social control over it

6
Q

ethnic islands

A

small ethnic areas in the rural countryside; sometimes called folk islands

7
Q

ethnic substrate

A

regional cultural distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland

8
Q

ethnic neighborhood

A

voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice

9
Q

ghetto

A

an area within a city where an ethnic group lives, either by choice or by force

10
Q

ethnoburbs

A

suburban ethnic neighborhood, sometimes home to relatively affluent immigration populations

11
Q

chain migration

A

tendency of people to migrate along channels, over a period of time, from specific source areas to a specific destination

12
Q

involuntary migration

A

refers to the forced displacement of a population, whether by government policy, warfare or other violence, ethnic cleansing, disease, natural disaster, or enslavement

13
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

removal of unwanted ethnic minority populations from a nation state through mass killing, deportation or imprisonment

14
Q

return migration

A

type of ethnic diffusion that involves the voluntary movement of a group of migrants back to their ancestral or native country or homeland

15
Q

cultural simplification

A

process by which immigrant ethnic groups lose certain aspects of their traditional culture in the process of settling overseas, creating a new culture that is less complex than the old

16
Q

genocide

A

systematic killing of a racial , ethnic, religious, or linguistic group

17
Q

cultural preadaption

A

complex of adaptive traits and skills possessed in advance of migration by a group, giving it survival ability and competitive advantage in occupying the new environment

18
Q

cultural maladaption

A

poor or inadequate adaptation that occurs when a group pursues an adaptive strategy that, in the short run, fails to provide the necessities of life or, in the long run, destroys the environment that nourishes it

19
Q

environmental racism

A

targeting of areas where ethnic or racial minorities live with respect to environmental contamination or failure to enforce environmental regulations

20
Q

ethnic flag

A

readily visible marker of ethnicity on the landscape

21
Q

foodways

A

customary behaviors associated with food preparation and consumpation

22
Q

core/periphery pattern

A

concept based on the tendency of both formal and functional cultura regions to consist of a core or node, in which defining traits are purest or functions are headquarted, and a periphery that is tributary and displays fewer of the defining traits

23
Q

cultural ecology

A

the study of the relationship between the physical environment and culture; narrowly defined as the study of culture as an adaptive system that facilitates human adaptation to nature and enviornmental change

24
Q

cultural identity

A

ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect

25
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people’s distinct patterns

26
Q

culture region

A

grouping of like places or the functional union of places to form a cultural unit

27
Q

innovation adoption

A

diffusion of new ideas

28
Q

maladaptive diffusion

A

diffusion of an idea or innovation that is not suitable for the environment in which it is diffused

29
Q

sequent occupance

A

landscape gradually transformed by a succession of occupying populations, each of which modifies the landscape left by the previous groups

30
Q

cultural linkage

A

migrants who have moved away but renew or maintain their connections with their homeland; facilitated by modern technology like newspapers

31
Q

cultural revival

A

process that works against globalization, revitalizing cultural ties and promoting distinction

32
Q

cultural landscape

A

visible imprint of human activity on the landscape, the “man-made” part of the environment

33
Q

types of cultural diffusion

A
expansion
hierarchical
contagious
stimulus
relocation