Chapter 5: Okinawa Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 5: Okinawa Deck (31)
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1
Q

Japanese students of Buddhism studying in Chinese monasteries were undoubtedly exposed to the Shaolin techniques of the monk _____, and it is reported that many of the more adventurous of these, after completing their training, set sail _____ in order to spread the teachings to the known world.

A

Bodhidharma

eastward

2
Q

By the _____ century, China had officially recognized Japan as an independent political entity. At various times official diplomatic and cultural missions comprised of _____ priests, soldiers, and statesmen passed between the Chinese mainland and Japan.

A

seventh

Japanese

3
Q

There is a widely held hypothesis that ch’uan fa entered the Ryukyus via China’s _____ district during the sixth-and seventh-century reign of China’s _____ dynasty.

A

Foochow

Sui

4
Q

Possibly the strongest support for the claim that karate is an innate part of Okinawan culture is based on some of the Ryukyu islanders’ classical _____.

A

dances

5
Q

In year _____ official Chinese-Okinawan relations were instituted when Okinawa’s King Satto expressed his _____ to the Ming emperor of China. In the following centuries ch’uan fa found its way into the Ryukyus.

A

1372

allegiance

6
Q

This ancient Okinawan style of combat was termed _____.

A

tode

7
Q

Among the Orientalists who have studied Okinawan military history and martial art development, there is a general agreement that ch’uan fa is only _____ responsible for the birth of present-day Okinawan karate.

A

partly

8
Q

In Okinawa, since little recorded data has been found on the history of karate, we look to the oral traditions that cite the beginning of the _____ century as the period when a karate-like art began to be practiced generally.

A

fourteenth

9
Q

This karate-like art was greatly stimulated by the mission of Chinese officials and their entourage, sent to Okinawa by Emperor Hung Wu in year _____.

A

1372

10
Q

During the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) a permanent Okinawan _____ began to develop on Chinese soil at the Chinese _____ of Ch’uan-chou.

A

settlement

capital

11
Q

The year _____ saw a sudden spurt in the migration of Chinese people to Okinawa. This was the result of an imperial gift from China in the form of a large body of skilled artisans and merchants.

A

1393

12
Q

This group of Chinese, which soon had formed into its own community, has long been referred to as the “_____ Families.” In this case the term refers to a much larger number; i.e., to Okinawa’s Chinese community as a whole.

A

Thirty-six

13
Q

Oral tradition states that these “Thirty-six Families” were largely responsible for the spread of _____ ___ throughout the _____ Islands.

A

ch’uan fa

Ryukyu

14
Q

During the 16th and 17th centuries Okinawa’s two large towns, _____ and _____, became famous as centers of an increasingly profitable traffic in luxury goods.

A

Shuri

Naha

15
Q

It is a virtual certainty that in this time of trade activity (16th and 17th centuries) Okinawans gained _____, if not all, of their insight into the Southeast Asian forms of unarmed combat.

A

most

16
Q

The great _____ clan in southern Kyushu (Japan) made a military expedition in Okinawa in _____ which ended Okinawan independence and made way for complete control over all the Ryukyus.

A

Satsuma

1609

17
Q

A number of prohibitive ordinances proclaimed by Iehisa Shimazu included a ban on all _____.

A

weapons

18
Q

The various Okinawan ch’uan fa groups and tode societies had a series of secret conferences that resulted in their banding together in year _____ as a united front against the Satsuma clan.

A

1629

19
Q

The result was that a new fighting style developed from this combination of tode and ch’uan fa, which was simply called ___, or literally, “_____.”

A

te

hand

20
Q

Te might be described as the intermediate stage between tode-ch’uan fa and _____.

A

karate

21
Q

During these early years of development, te practice was shrouded in utmost _____ due to the iron-clad Satsuma edict that was designed to eradicate every trace of the Okinawan martial arts.

A

secrecy

22
Q

The three leading te schools—located in _____, _____, and _____—went “underground” to avoid detection by the Satsuma samurai.

A

Shuri
Naha
Tomari

23
Q

In year _____ Satsuma’s “unofficial” occupation of Okinawa ended and the Ryukyu Islands became officially a part of the Japanese Empire.

A

1875

24
Q

Those applying for their admission to a karate school were generally called upon to take rather severe vows of _____ and allegiance. This was done so that they would realize the importance of preventing at all cost the secrets they were about to learn from leaking into a rival camp.

A

silence

25
Q

Since there are virtually no written references to the native art of the Ryukyus (tode), the scant information that we have on it is based on _____ traditions.

A

oral

26
Q

Tode is considered by some to be _____ to Okinawa because ch’uan fa uses mainly kaishu which refers to _____-handed techniques, while tode employs the use of the _____ technique called taiso.

A

indigenous
open
fist

27
Q

However, there seems to be a general agreement among contemporary karate authorities that _____ ___ did play an important part in the development of tode.

A

ch’uan fa

28
Q

Modern karate is said to be a combination of closed-fist techniques from _____, finger-thrusting (nukite) techniques from _____, open-handed forms from _____, and kicking techniques from _____ _____.

A

Okinawa
Taiwan
China
Southeast Asia

29
Q

After 1903 karate became more or less standardized in various styles or “_____,” some of which are: Goju-ryu, Shorin-ryu, Shotokan, Shito-ryu, Shindo Jinen-ryu, Wado-ryu, Kushinryu, and Kanyu.

A

ryu

30
Q

In _____ karate was officially brought into Japan by _____ _____ when he demonstrated the art at the great Japanese martial arts headquarters in Kyoto called the _____.

A

1915
Gichin Funakoshi
Butokuden

31
Q

The theory that these travelers brought a karate-like art to Okinawa is plausible, as members of the Japanese _____ class or _____ generally escorted these missions.

A

warrior

samurai