Chapter 5 Central Nervous System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 5 Central Nervous System Deck (37)
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1
Q

What are the accessory Cells in the CNS called?

A

Glial Cells

2
Q

What are the 4 types of Glial Cells?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia

3
Q

What are Astrocytes?

A
  1. structural support
  2. metabolic support-nutrients from capillary bed to neurons
  3. Stella (star structure)
4
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

myelinate neurons in CNS

5
Q

What are Ependymal Cells?

A

Line the internal, fluid filled cavities of the CNS

-Form membrane sheath, that keeps CSF in right place

6
Q

Microglia?

A

Immune functioning cells in CNS (monocytes that migrate to tissues and become tissue macrophages.
**CNS TISSUE MACROPHAGE

7
Q

What are the Brain Protection Layers?

A
  1. Bone
  2. Meninges
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
  4. Blood-Brain Barrier
8
Q
  1. Bone
A

Brain is enclosed in the cranium (skull), while the spinal cord is surrounded by the vertebral column

9
Q
  1. Meninges
A

Dura (Tough outer layer)
Arachnoid Mater (Spider web-like layer)
Pia Mater (Adheres to the brain)
-Protective, nourishing membranes

10
Q
  1. Cerebrospinal fluid
A

-Special cushioning fluid
also found in the ventricles of the brain
Produced in choroid plexus

11
Q
  1. Blood-brain barrier
A

Selectively permeable layer around the CNS that is created by specialized astrocytes.
-Physiological layer that regulates exchanges b/w the blood and the brain

12
Q

What are the 2 brain requirements?

A
  1. oxygen

2. glucose

13
Q

Oxygen

A

muscle can function without oxygen

brain can only function w/o oxygen for 3-4 minutes.

14
Q

CVA?

A

Cerebral Vascular Accident aka Stroke

15
Q

What is a CVA/STROKE

A

when brain does not get enough oxygen

16
Q

TIA?

A

Transcient Ischemic Attack

brain termporarily does not get enough oxygen.

17
Q

Glucose

A

Energy source-tissue damage after lack of glucose for 10-15 minutes.

  • CNS uses as fuel
  • CVA/TIA can occur after 30 minutes without glucose
18
Q

What is Plasticity?

A

ability of the brain to adapt and take on other functions

19
Q

What type of tissue is plastic?

A

muscle tissue is plastic, CNS not plastic

20
Q

Encephalon

A

brain

21
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

22
Q

Brain Stem

A

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

23
Q

Forebrain

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

24
Q

Hindbrain

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

25
Q

Cerebrum

A

2 hemispheres separated by longitudinal fissure

-conected by corpus callosum

26
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

neural connections that allow communication b/w the 2 hemisphere

27
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

gray matter-basal ganglia composed of gray matter

28
Q

Medulla

A

white matter

29
Q

Why is there a difference in color?

A

due to nerve cell bodies (gray ) being located on outside and axons centrally w/ myelin (white)

30
Q

Cerebral Cortex lobes

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal Lobe
  4. Occipital Lobe
31
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Motor control region
Higher though processes
Create thoughts

32
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Somato sensory Input

located superior laterally behind frontal lobe components

33
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory processing info rom inner ear

34
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual Processing-from rods & cones of retina-travel back to this area to be processed

35
Q

Frontal Lobe regions

A
  1. primary motor cortex
  2. Pre and supplemental motor cortex
  3. Pre Frontal association cortex
  4. Broca’s Region
36
Q

Primary motor cortex function

A

voluntary conscious motor activity

37
Q

Pre and Supplemental Motor Cortex

A

Responsible