What are the accessory Cells in the CNS called?
Glial Cells
What are the 4 types of Glial Cells?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
What are Astrocytes?
- structural support
- metabolic support-nutrients from capillary bed to neurons
- Stella (star structure)
What are oligodendrocytes?
myelinate neurons in CNS
What are Ependymal Cells?
Line the internal, fluid filled cavities of the CNS
-Form membrane sheath, that keeps CSF in right place
Microglia?
Immune functioning cells in CNS (monocytes that migrate to tissues and become tissue macrophages.
**CNS TISSUE MACROPHAGE
What are the Brain Protection Layers?
- Bone
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood-Brain Barrier
- Bone
Brain is enclosed in the cranium (skull), while the spinal cord is surrounded by the vertebral column
- Meninges
Dura (Tough outer layer)
Arachnoid Mater (Spider web-like layer)
Pia Mater (Adheres to the brain)
-Protective, nourishing membranes
- Cerebrospinal fluid
-Special cushioning fluid
also found in the ventricles of the brain
Produced in choroid plexus
- Blood-brain barrier
Selectively permeable layer around the CNS that is created by specialized astrocytes.
-Physiological layer that regulates exchanges b/w the blood and the brain
What are the 2 brain requirements?
- oxygen
2. glucose
Oxygen
muscle can function without oxygen
brain can only function w/o oxygen for 3-4 minutes.
CVA?
Cerebral Vascular Accident aka Stroke
What is a CVA/STROKE
when brain does not get enough oxygen
TIA?
Transcient Ischemic Attack
brain termporarily does not get enough oxygen.
Glucose
Energy source-tissue damage after lack of glucose for 10-15 minutes.
- CNS uses as fuel
- CVA/TIA can occur after 30 minutes without glucose
What is Plasticity?
ability of the brain to adapt and take on other functions
What type of tissue is plastic?
muscle tissue is plastic, CNS not plastic
Encephalon
brain
mesencephalon
midbrain
Brain Stem
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain
Forebrain
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Hindbrain
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Cerebrum
2 hemispheres separated by longitudinal fissure
-conected by corpus callosum
Corpus Callosum
neural connections that allow communication b/w the 2 hemisphere
Cerebral cortex
gray matter-basal ganglia composed of gray matter
Medulla
white matter
Why is there a difference in color?
due to nerve cell bodies (gray ) being located on outside and axons centrally w/ myelin (white)
Cerebral Cortex lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Motor control region
Higher though processes
Create thoughts
Parietal Lobe
Somato sensory Input
located superior laterally behind frontal lobe components
Temporal Lobe
Auditory processing info rom inner ear
Occipital Lobe
Visual Processing-from rods & cones of retina-travel back to this area to be processed
Frontal Lobe regions
- primary motor cortex
- Pre and supplemental motor cortex
- Pre Frontal association cortex
- Broca’s Region
Primary motor cortex function
voluntary conscious motor activity
Pre and Supplemental Motor Cortex
Responsible