Chapter 5 - Catecholamines Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 5 - Catecholamines Deck (26)
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1
Q

What NTs fall under Catecholamines?

A

Dopamine (DA), Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine

2
Q

What are NE, DA, and EPI made from?

A

Tyrosine

3
Q

Tyrosine is converted into ______ by _______. What is important about this step?

A

L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase. It is a rate limiting step.

4
Q

What is the process from tyrosine to EPI?

A

Tyrosine > L-DOPA > Dopamine > NE > EPI

5
Q

In the process from tyrosine to EPI what are the enzymes involved?

A

tyrosine hydroxlase > Aromatic amino acid decarboxlase > Dopamine B-hydroxylase.
Think of it as TH > A > B

6
Q

In animal models, what stereotyped behaviours are present with higher DA?

A

IRL

  • Intense sniffing
  • Repetitive head and limb movements,
  • Licking and biting
7
Q

DA gets packaged into what specific transporter?

A

A monoamine specific transporter. more specifically a VMAT (Vesicular Monoamine Transporter)

8
Q

The VMAT is? What drug blocks this?

A

Vesicular Monoamine Transporter.

Reserpine

9
Q

Why is it important to package DA in vesicles?

A

Otherwise it will be broken down quickly in cytoplasm

10
Q

How do vesicles get released?

A

By exocytosis with Action Potentials

11
Q

Which drugs release without cell firing?

A

(Meth)amphetamines.

12
Q

Synaptic release occurs by _______ located on:

a. )___________
b. )___________
c. )___________

A

Autoreceptors located on

  • cell bodies
  • terminals
  • dendrites
13
Q

DA is produced in which 2 areas?

A

Mesostriatal/Nigrostriatal
and
Mesolimbocortical

14
Q

DA in Mesostriatal/Nigrostriatal helps with what?

A

Facilitating voluntary body movements.

15
Q

A loss in DA in mesocortical/nigrostriatal is associated with what?

A

Parkinsons Disease

16
Q

DA from mesolimbocortical is associated with what?

A

Reward pathways and Schizophrenia

17
Q

Where is NE made from?

A

DA (inside vesicles)

18
Q

NE is made by which 3 brain areas?

A

a. ) locus coeruleus
b. ) lateral tegmentum area (LTA)
c. ) Dorsal medullary group (DMG)

19
Q

What does NE help in modulating?

A

SMS

a. ) sleep/wake
b) mood
c. ) sexual behaviour

20
Q

How many DA receptors are there?

Are they metabotropic or ionotropic?

A

5

All metabotropic

21
Q

What are the sub-divisions of the receptors?

A
D1 like (D1 and D5) stimulatory
D2 like (D2, D3 and D4) inhibitory
22
Q

In animal models, what happens when you double knockout (KO) D1 and D2?

A

Fatality in the 2nd/3rd week of life :(

23
Q

What happens when you KO DAT?

A

DAT hyperactivity.

Extreme hyperactivity, no response to psychostimulants

24
Q

What happens when you KO D1?

A

D1 Deficits in KOgnitive tasks.

Deficits in several cognitive tasks

25
Q

What happens when you KO D2?

A

impairments in: SPC
spontaneous movement
posture control
coordination

26
Q

How are Catecholamines broken down? 4 ways

A

Reuptake
Breakdown
Transporter blocking drugs
Drugs that inhibit breakdown-enzymes