anabolic agents (steroids)
-mimic the male sex hormone testosterone.
-testosterone increases your your bone and muscle growth so you can get bigger and stronger quicker but also more aggressive as well.
-helps with faster recovery from exercise and commonly taken by sprinters.
BUT
-they can cause high blood pressure, heart disease and infertility and can increase the risk of developing cancer.
-women can grow facial and body hair.
diuretics
-increases the amount of urine causing weight loss and can be beneficial if you are competing in a certain weight division such as boxing or judo.
BUT
-they can cause cramp, dehydration, loss of salts, muscle weakness and heart damage.
narcotic analgesics
- they kill pain so injuries and fatuige dont affect performance and training so much.
BUT
-they are addictive with unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.
-feeling less pain can make an athlete train too hard which can cause over training.
-they can lead to constipation and low blood pressure.
peptide hormones (EPO)
-cause of the production of other hormones, similar to anabolic agents
-is a peptide hormone that causes the body to produce more red blood cells. this increases oxygen carrying capacity and endurance which can benefit athletes such as road racing cyclists.
BUT
-they can cause strokes, heart problems, abnormal growth and diabetes
stimulants
-they affect the central nervous system
- they can increase mental and physical alertness
BUT
-they can lead to high blood pressure, heart and liver problems and strokes.
-they are also addictive
beta blockers
-reduce hear rate, muscle tension, blood pressure and the effect of adrenaline. this steadies shaking hands which improves finer movements
- this calming, relaxing effect is beneficial for sports such as shooting.
BUT
- they can cause nausea, weakness, cramps and heart failure.
-they are banned in sports and if allowed to be prescribed by a medical professional.
sportsmanship
is playing within the rules, upholding the spirit of the game and using sport etiquette.
contract to compete
is an agreement between competitors to comply with all the rules
sports etiquette
means following the unwritten rules and conventions of the activity
gamesmanship
is gaining an advantage by using tactics that push the rules without breaking them
commercialization
managing sporting a way designed to make a profit eg through sponsorship and media
name three technology in sports
- hawk eye in tennis = it is a set of six cameras yo track and predict the path of the ball. its used so that players can challenge the decision of weather the shot was in ot not
- decision reviewing system (DRS) in cricket = players are allowed to challenge the umpires decision and have it reviewed by a third umpire who will use various bits of technology
- television match official (TMO) in rugby union = this is an extra official that watches over the match and video replays. The referee can consult the TMO for help in a decision
- goal line technology in football = there are cameras pointed at each goal that are used to tell whether the ball has crossed the line or not
advantages of technology in sport
- helps make the sport more fare.
- they hep make valid decisions and also puts less pressure on them
- if they show the umpires are right it givesore respect to them
disadvantage of technology in sports
- they are expensive
- can undermine the officials of umpires
- it can take a long time and boring for spectators