Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call an ionic compound formed through the reaction of an acid and a base?

A

A salt.

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2
Q

Salts ____ in aqueous solution

A

dissociate.

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3
Q

Dissociated salt ions may do what to create a basic or acidic solution?

A

Hydrolyze (react w water)

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4
Q

What happens to a solution if neither the anion/cation hydrolyze?

A

Solution will be neutral.

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5
Q

What are the 3 rules for hydrolysis of a salt?

A
  1. cations in family 1 and 2 won’t hydrolyze.
  2. anions derived from a strong acid won’t hydrolyze.
  3. amphiprotic ions favour either basic or acidic hydrolyzation even though they can do both.
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6
Q

What are the 4 steps to seeing what the pH range of a salt in solution will be?

A
  1. write the dissociation equation
  2. will cation hydrolyze?
  3. Will anion hydrolyze?
  4. determine pH range.
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7
Q

How does oxygen affect acid strength?

A

The more oxygen atoms, the stronger the acid.

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8
Q

What do you call a solution that resists a change in pH when H+ or OH- is added?

A

A buffered solution.

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9
Q

What does a buffered solution contain?

A
  1. A weak base + salt containing its conjugate acid.
    OR
  2. A weak acid + salt containing its conjugate base.
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10
Q

What will the pH of the solution equal when [weak acid] = [conjugate base]?

A

The pH of solution = pKa

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11
Q

What governs the pH of a buffered solution?

A

the ratio of weak acid to conjugate base or weak base to conjugate acid

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12
Q

Addition of H+ to a buffered solution will:

A

consume conjugate base present

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13
Q

Addition of OH- to a buffered solution will:

A

consume conjugate acid present

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14
Q

What is the equivalence point in an acid-base titration?

A

mols H+ = mols OH-

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15
Q

What do you call a solution of known concentration?

A

Standardized solution.

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16
Q

What do you call the solution of known solution that is used to make a standardized solution?

A

Primary standard.

17
Q

Metal oxide + water =

A

basic solution

18
Q

non-metal oxide + water =

A

acidic solution

19
Q

Where are the metal oxides found?

A

Family 1-2

20
Q

anions hydrolyze to make

A

basic solution

21
Q

cations hydrolyze to make

A

acidic solution

22
Q

When titrating a strong acid w a strong base, the equivalence point has a pH of:

A

pH 7

23
Q

When titrating a strong acid w a weak base, the equivalence point is:

A

pH<7

24
Q

When titrating a strong base w a weak acid, the equivalence point is:

A

pH>7

25
Q

On a titration curve, where is the buffer region?

A

the horizontal parts.

26
Q

What does a chem indicator contain?

A

a weak organic acid/base + conjugate (each has its own colour)