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Flashcards in chapter 5 Deck (14)
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1
Q

how did the concept of race begin?

A

humans can be lumped into diff tax groups began in 1700s. Blumenbach based race on skin colour, skull shape and other physical traits.

2
Q

what were blumenbachs 4 races?

A

-mongoloid, caucasoid, african, native american.

3
Q

what is a cline?

A

gradual change in phenotype along environmental gradient

4
Q

what discoveries caused clines to supplant race?

A
  • Boas showed that skull charachteristics were highly malleable due to many different factors such as nutriton, as well as that human behavior is not entirely genetic, but cultural
  • lewontin studied many “racial traits” and discovered that there was not much charachteristics determined by race, these genes occur and vary accross populations,
5
Q

what are the three stages in human growth cycle? what are some milesstones?

A

Prenatal stage: conception to birth.
postnatal stage: neonatal, infancy, childhood,juvenile, puperty, adolescence
adult stage: reproductive period, senescence.

6
Q

what are some cog and phys changes during childhood?

A

brain fully develops, rapid body growth levels off, learns survival, still relies on parents for food permanent teeth,

7
Q

what happens during senescence?

A

reduction of homeostasis, decline of function of tissues and organs, reproduction is over, menopause, bone loss

8
Q

why is grandmothering important?

A

childcare, passing on culture, provisioning food

9
Q

how does body adapt to hot or cold climates?

A

higher temps: vasodilation, sweating, loss of body hair, taller, narrower.
cold: vasoconstriction, cultural teachings,

10
Q

how is sun related to skin colour, vitamin d and folate protection

A

the amount fo light reflected from the skin is greatly effected by uv exposure, darker skin with more sun.
uv is abosrbed in epi and dermis and turned into previtamin d and then vitamin d. primary source of the vitamin is sun. no sun = not strong bones.
folic acid is essential to dna repair and synth, melanin is key in this. this is why dark skin in equatorial regions.

11
Q

how have people in high altitudes adapted/

A

greater diameter of blood vessels, greater lung volume, effecient o2 use. high o2 saturation in hemoglobin

12
Q

how does undernourishment effect populations?

A

shorter, starvation, organ failure,

13
Q

how is overnutrition effecting world?

A

high cholesterol = coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes.sugar in blood damages tissues and organ function,

14
Q

what is wolffs law?

A

bone is placed in direction of demand, bone develops when needed. tennis players have strong arm bones, astronauts have poop bones