Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Social processes

A

Types of interaction that occur in relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 common social processes

A

Exchange, cooperation, competition, and conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exchange

A

Voluntary trade of tangible or intangible benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Norm of reciprocity

A

Expectation that people will return favors and strive to maintain a balance of obligation in social relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cooperation

A

People work together to achieve shared goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Competition

A

Struggle over scarce resources that is regulated by shared rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conflict

A

Struggle over scarce resources that is not regulated by shared rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Group

A

Collection of 2+ ppl with two special characteristics: members interact within social structure of statuses, roles, and norms & members recognize that they depend on each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dyad

A

Group of 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Triad

A

Three members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of groups

A

Reference, primary and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reference group

A

Group individuals compare themselves to regularly; sometimes aspire to belong to the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Relative deprivation

A

Happiness drops when we compare ourselves to others who are better of then we are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary group

A

Intimate, face to face interactions, informal, small, and personal, serve expressive and instrumental needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secondary group

A

Formal, large, and impersonal groups that serve instrumental needs, sometimes even expressive needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Group size

A

As group gets larger, it becomes more impersonal, structures, and less personally satisfying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Communication patterns

A

Channel (everyone interacts with everyone), circle (speak to neighbors), and wheel (each individual speaks to the one with most of the power)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cohesion

A

Solidarity

19
Q

Choice shifts

A

Members’ opinions become more similar over time

20
Q

Group think

A

Pressures to agree are so strong they stifle critical thinking

21
Q

Social network

A

Total set of relationships we have

22
Q

Centrality

A

Number of direct or indirect ties between one individual and others in the network. Greater ties means greater centrality

23
Q

Categories of intimacy

A

Strong and weak ties

24
Q

Strong ties

A

Intimacy, emotional intensity, and sharing; Bond people

25
Q

Weak ties

A

Low intensity and emotional distance; Bridge the gap between people

26
Q

Can have strong and weak ties in primary or secondary groups

A

Both in both

27
Q

Voluntary association

A

Nonprofit organizations that offer individuals an opportunity to pursue their shared interests collectively

28
Q

Community

A

People who share a common space and a sense of connection to it

29
Q

Complex organization

A

Large, formal organizations with elaborate status networks

30
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Complex organization with explicit rules and a hierarchical authority structure, all designed to maximize efficiency

31
Q

Ideal bureaucracy characteristics

A

Division of labor, Hierarchical authority, rules and regulations, impersonal relationships, careers, tenure, and technical qualifications, and efficiency

32
Q

Division of labor in bureaucracy

A

Specialists in each position

33
Q

Hierarchical authority in bureaucracy

A

Each position is under control of a higher position

34
Q

Rules and regulations in bureaucracy

A

Rules designed to cover almost every possible situation

35
Q

Impersonal relationships in bureaucracy

A

Interactions are guided by rules rather than personal feelings

36
Q

Careers, tenure, and technical qualifications in bureaucracy

A

Positions are selected solely on qualifications

37
Q

Efficiency in bureaucracy

A

Maximize efficiency by coordinating the activities

38
Q

Organizational cultures

A

Norms and values that underlie specific organizations

39
Q

Key to successful organizational culture

A

Cohesion

40
Q

Critiques of bureaucracy

A

Ritualism, alienation, and structural inequality

41
Q

Ritualism

A

Rigid adherence to the rules; Stifles initiative and prevents the development of more efficient procedures

42
Q

Alienation

A

Emphasis on rules, hierarchy, and impersonal relationships can reduce cohesion

43
Q

Structural inequality

A

Power is concentrated with a few people

44
Q

McDonaldization

A

Process through which bureaucracies adopt management goals derived from the fast-food restaurant industry

Sociology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions