Chapter 5

Question 1

Membranes are composed of..

Answer 1

bilayer phospholipids w/ proteins and fliud mosiac

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

tendency of particles to spreads out evenly in available space

Question 3

Passive

Answer 3

movement of enzyme without using NRG

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

diffusion of water across membrane

Question 5

Tonicity

Answer 5

ability of a sol’n to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Question 6

Isotonic

Answer 6

concentration of solute is same on both sides of membrane

Question 7

Hypotonic

Answer 7

solute concentration is lower outside cell, water moves into cell and will expand, may burst

Question 8

Hypertonic

Answer 8

solute concentration is higher outside of the cell, water move out of cell and cell will shrink

Question 9

Osmoregulation

Answer 9

control of water balance

Question 10

Active transport

Answer 10

cell must expend NRG to move a solute against its concentration

Question 11

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 11

move across membranes with help of specific transport proteins. doesn’t require NRG

Question 12

Exocystosis

Answer 12

export bulky molecules

Question 13

Endocystosis

Answer 13

import substances useful to livelihood of the cell

Question 14

Energy

Answer 14

capacity to cause change or to perform

Question 15

Kinetic NRG

Answer 15

NRG of motion

Question 16

Potential NRG

Answer 16

NRG that matter possesses as a result of it’s location/structure

Question 17

Thermodynamic

Answer 17

study of NRG conversions that occur in a collection of matter

Question 18

2 laws that govern NRG conversions

Answer 18

1: NRG is constant (never created or destroyed
2: NRH conversions increase disorder of universe

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

organisms total chemical reaction

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

Adenosine triphosphate. powers nearly all forms of cellular work

Question 21

3 main types of cellular work

Answer 21

1. Chemical 2.Mechanica 3. Transport

Question 22

Enzymes

Answer 22

speed up the cells them reaction by lowering NRG barriers

Question 23

Activation NRG

Answer 23

NRG barrier must be overcome before chemical reaction can begin

Question 24

Substrate

Answer 24

specific reactant that an enzyme acts on

Question 25

Active site

Answer 25

substrate fits into a region of the enzyme

Question 26

Cofactors are..

Answer 26

inorganic

Question 27

Coenzymes are…

Answer 27

organic

Question 28

Cells must control enzyme activity by..

Answer 28

• switch off genes encoding specific enzymes

- regulate activity go enzymes once made

Question 29

Inhibitor

Answer 29

chemical that interferes with and enzyme activity

Question 30

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 30

block substrates from entering the active site and educes an enzymes productivity

Question 31

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 31

bind to enzyme somewhere other than the active site, prevent the substrate from binding

Question 32

feedback inhabitation

Answer 32

product may act an inhibitor of one of the enzymes in the pathway that produced it