Chapter 45: Male Reproductive System (by Liz) Flashcards Preview

xxx Term 2: BIO 202.2 Human A&P II > Chapter 45: Male Reproductive System (by Liz) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 45: Male Reproductive System (by Liz) Deck (16)
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1
Q

The reproductive ducts include:

A

The reproductive ducts Include a pair of epididymides, paired vasa deferentia, a pair of ejaculatory ducts, and the urethra.

2
Q

What organs make up the accessory glands?

A

The accessory glands include a pair of seminal vesicles, one prostate, and a pair of bulbourethral glands.

3
Q

Supporting structures include:

A

•Supporting structures include the scrotum, the penis, and a pair of spermatic cords.

4
Q

•Tunica albuginea encases each testis, it also:

A

➢Sends out septa that divide the testis into 200 lobules
•Each lobule contains interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules
•Efferent ductules drain the rete testis

5
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Are the hormone-producing cells

6
Q

The left testis generally is about:

A

1 cm lower in the scrotal sac than the right

7
Q

Testosterone

A

➢Major androgen ( masculinization hormone) in humans

➢Steroid hormone produced by interstitial cells

8
Q

Functions of Testosterone

A

•Promotes development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics, accessory organs, and adult male behavior
•Helps regulate metabolism
➢Stimulates protein anabolism
•Stimulates bone growth and promotes closure of the epiphyses
•Plays a role in fluid and electrolyte balance
•By stimulating protein anabolism, testosterone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles (it is responsible for males’ greater muscular development and strength).
•Early sexual maturation leads to early epiphyseal closure. The converse also holds true: late sexual maturation, delayed epiphyseal closure, and tallness tend to go together.
•Testosterone has a mild stimulating effect on kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium and water; it also promotes kidney tubule excretion of potassium.

9
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

Stimulates interstitial cells to increase testosterone secretion

➢High blood concentration of testosterone inhibits hypothalamic secretion of GnRH

10
Q

Capacitation

A

occurs in sperm only after they have been introduced into the vagina

11
Q

Structure and location of the epididymis

A

➢Single, tightly coiled tube enclosed in a fibrous casing
➢Lies along the top of and behind each testis
➢Anatomical divisions: Head, body, and tail

-The epididymis has a very small diameter (just barely macroscopic), but it measures approximately 6 meters (20 feet) in length.

12
Q

The epididymis is continuous:

A

-With the vas deferens.

13
Q

What are the functions of the Seminal Vesicles?

A

•Functions
➢Secrete an alkaline, viscous, creamy-yellow liquid (60% of semen volume)
➢Fructose serves as energy source for sperm motility

14
Q

What is the function of the Prostate Gland?

A

•Function
➢Adds slightly acidic, watery, milky-looking secretion to seminal fluid (30% of semen volume)
➢Citrate: Nutrient for sperm

15
Q

Composition and Course of Seminal Fluid

A
  • Consists of secretions from testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate glands, and bulbourethral glands
  • Each milliliter contains millions of sperm
  • Passes from testes through epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
16
Q

Infertility

A

Temporary