Chapter 4 Pt.2- Enzymes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 4 Pt.2- Enzymes Deck (14)
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1
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts within living organisms

2
Q

Characteristics of Enzymes

A

Very efficient-effective in low numbers and concentration

Work only on one substance (substrate) for one reaction

Not used up entirely

3
Q

How enzymes work

A

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Enzymes bind with substrates at the active site in a “lock and key” manner

Have optimal conditions for their functions

Denaturization can occur

4
Q

How does the cell control the rate of reaction?

A

By limiting the activity of enzymes

-Inhibition (competitive and non-competitive)

5
Q

Non Competitive Inhibition

A

An inhibitor changes the shape of the active site so the substrate and enzyme cannot bind

6
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

An inhibitor blocks the active site and the substrate from connecting

7
Q

Passive Transport

A

Does not require energy

8
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Small molecules move from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

(Food coloring in water)

9
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

A membrane protein carries a molecule across the membrane from high to low concentration

10
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

11
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

Solution with the same concentration of solute on each side of the membrane

12
Q

Hypotonic

A

Low amount of solute in a solution relative to inside of the cell

Water moves from outside to inside

Cells without cell walls will burst

Cells with cell walls will get firm but not burst

13
Q

Hypertonic

A

High solute solution relative to inside the cell

Water moves inside out

Cell membrane will shrink

14
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy

Membrane transport proteins carry molecules from low to high concentrations