Chapter 4: genes again Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 4: genes again Deck (18)
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1
Q

what is a species?

A

organisms that reproduce sexually and produce fertile offpsirng,

2
Q

What is a deme? why is it important in thw study of genetics?

A

a Deme is the local population that produce offspring, it is the reproductive population, it is important to study because they carry on genetic lines

3
Q

what is microevolution?

A

small scale, such as the changing of allele frequency, for example, the red hair gene is slowly disapearing

4
Q

what is macroevolution?

A

large scale speciation that occurs after thousands of generations

5
Q

what is the hardy-weinburg law of equilibirum?

A

the law is a mathematical formula to show the relationship between allele frequencies.

6
Q

what is a synonymous point mutation?

A

altered triplet of dna, but same amino acid s created

7
Q

what is a nonsynonymous point mutation?

A

a match that brings along different amino aicd, this can have profound affects on expression

8
Q

what is a frameshift mutation?

A

change in gene due to insertion or deletion of a nitro base, which causes other triplets to rearrange

9
Q

what is a transposable element?

A

mobile pieces of dna that can copy themselves into new areas of chromosome

10
Q

what is klinefelters syndrome?

A

when males receive an extra x chromosome. typically results in lower fertility

11
Q

what is directional selection? provide example

A

favours one extreme form of a trait, for example, human brains are larger

12
Q

what is stabilizing selection? provide example

A

stabilizing selection favours average version of trait, for example baby weight

13
Q

what is disruptive selection?

A

people on both extreme ends produce more offspring than average.

14
Q

what is genetic drift?

A

random change in allele frequency over time provided that there is no selective advantage to one allele, it is more likely to occur in small communities who are endogamous.

15
Q

what is the founders effect?

A

a small group from a larger population seperate geographically- this can lead to a change in alelle frequencie due to a smaller gene pool

16
Q

How does Genetic drift affect genetic diversity?

A

the larger the population, the more stable the allele frequency. dunkers blood type, hemophilia

17
Q

what is gene flow? how does it affect genetic diversity?

A

movement of genes from one population to another. for example, addition and loss of genes in a population can affect diversity without favouring certain genes. additional blood types.

18
Q

what causes evolution (4 things)

A
  • mutation
  • genetic drift
  • gene flow
  • natural selection