Chapter 4 Comunication Flashcards

1
Q

Animal forms of verbal communication are called

A

Call systems

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2
Q

A linguistic capacity to describe things that are not present is called

A

Displacement

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3
Q

When anthropologist say that human language is “conventional” they mean that

A

the words in human languages have no inherent relationship to the things they stand for

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4
Q

Human speech is infinitely productive. This means that

A

Human speech is deliberate and accomplishes and specific purpose

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5
Q

Charles Hockett argues that _____ and _____ were critical in the evolution of human language

A

blending ; duality of patterning

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6
Q

When learning language, the human instinct is to ____

A

Learn the language of the group in which you are socialized

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7
Q

The case of Genie shows that human children appear to be programmed to learn language instinctively before the age of ____

A

6 years

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8
Q

Displacement is the human ability to do which of the following?

A

Speak about different times and places

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9
Q

Studies of the ways in which children learn language show that _____.

A

Humans beings have an inborn predisposition for learning language and will speak grammatically even if not taught to do so

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10
Q

Which statement about language development is true?

A

Human speech must be learned through a speech community

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11
Q

A universal grammar is ____.

A

a set of principles, conditions, and rules that underlie all language

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12
Q

When anthropologists examine language across different cultures, they find that ____

A

children learn to speak at the same time in all cultures and with equal competence

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13
Q

Which concept describes a system of rules for combining words into meaningful sentences?

A

Syntax

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14
Q

The International Phonetic Alphabet is a means of _____

A

Writing all of the sounds of all human languages

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15
Q

In English, bit and pit have different meanings. Thus, the /b/ and /p/ of these words are _____

A

Phonemes

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16
Q

In linguistic studies, phonemes are _____

A

The set of sounds used in any particular language

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17
Q

Bound morphemes differ from free morphemes in which way?

A

The former never stand alone as complete words; the latter do

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18
Q

The English word cats has how many morphemes?

A

2 morphemes: cat-s

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19
Q

“The dog food under the table he fed” is not correct in English grammar. What kind of error does it contain?

A

Syntax

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20
Q

The relationship between language and culture is illustrated by the fact that ____

A

The vocabulary of language emphasizes those features of the environment that are culturally most significant

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21
Q

According to Ferdinand de Saussure, language can best be represented into language (langue) and speech (parole). The difference between language and parole is ____

A

Language is an arbitrary and abstract system of signs that exist independently of any speaker; speech is the actual performance of language by an individual speaker

22
Q

Which of the following concepts is used to explain why signs for an object itself? For example, a flower is more than a flower; it is often taken as a sign for the arrival of spring and fertility

A

Signifier

23
Q

Sociolinguistic is helpful to anthropologist in understanding culture because ____

A

People’s speech varies depending on their position in a social structure or social relationship

24
Q

A dialect is ____

A

A version of language that is used by less powerful groups in society

25
Q

A study of speech norms in the United States by Labov indicated that ____

A

Variation of speech patterns is most characteristic of upwardly mobile social classes

26
Q

Linguistic view African American vernacular English (AAVE) as _____

A

Neither superior nor inferior to SSAE

27
Q

Which of the following is an example of code-switching?

A

Conversations in which people talk to some people in one language while talking to others in a different language

28
Q

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that ____

A

The vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers perceive reality

29
Q

One aspect of language that appears to contradict the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is that human languages are similar in which way?

A

Anything that can be said in one language can be translated into every other human language

30
Q

A Tuareg man wears his veil at different positions on his face in different social situations. This is an example of ___

A

Nonverbal communication

31
Q

Haptics refers to ____

A

The study and analysis of touch

32
Q

Researches who study interpersonal space refers to three different ranges of space. They are ____

A

Intimate distance, personal distance, and social distance

33
Q

Which of the following best characterizes the cross-cultural meaning of smiling?

A

The meaning of smile varies from culture to culture

34
Q

A pidgin is ____

A

A language of contact and trade that includes a mixture of other languages

35
Q

A fundamental principle of language is that ____

A

Language always reflects the history of those who use it

36
Q

Which of the following does glottochronology examine?

A. Vocabulary
B. Syntax
C. Morphology
D. Kinesics

A

Vocabulary

37
Q

An important method comparative linguistic use to draw conclusions about the relationship between two languages is ___

A

Determining the amount of core vocabulary they share

38
Q

Which of the following statements best reflects the diversity of languages spoken in the world today?

A

A majority of the world’s languages are spoken by a minority of the world’s population

39
Q

Which of the following is a reason why language is being lost today in such great numbers today?

A

It is more profitable and advantageous to speak languages that are more popularly spoken

40
Q

What is the most popular language in the world for people to speak as their primary language ?

A

Mandarin Chinese

41
Q

True/False

Communication among nonhuman animals can be as complex as human language.

A

False

42
Q

True/False

All children, regardless of culture, go through the same basic stages and sequence for language learning.

A

True

43
Q

True/False

Even a child brought up in isolation will automatically be able to speak the language of his or her parents.

A

False

44
Q

True/False

Some languages do not have syntactic structure.

A

False

45
Q

True/False

The vocabulary of language reflects the culture of the people who speak it.

A

True

46
Q

True/False

The actual performance of a language by an individual speaker is what Saussure called parole.

A

True

47
Q

True/False

In some cultures, the speech form used depends on the relative social status of the individuals speaking.

A

True

48
Q

True/False

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argues that because the human brain is similar regardless of cultures, then all language is similar as well.

A

False

49
Q

True/False

Wearing clothes with designer labels on them can be considered a form of nonverbal communication.

A

True

50
Q

True/False

There is one language spoken by the majority of the world’s people.

A

False