Chapter 3.4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3.4 Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

The series of changes that a cell undergoes, from the time it forms until it divides

2
Q

Stages of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

3
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

The cell grows and maintains its routine functions as well as its contributions to the internal environment

4
Q

What is interphase divided into?

A

S, G1, and G2 phase

5
Q

What occurs during S phase?

A

Synthesis

6
Q

What does G1 and G2 stand for?

A

Stands for Gap or GRowth.

7
Q

Mitosis occurs in what type of cells?

A

Somatic, producing two daughter cells from an original cell that are genetically identical

8
Q

Each new cell from mitosis has a full complement of

A

46 chromosomes that is typical of humans.

9
Q

With the 46 chromosomes, there are

A

2 sets of 23 chromosomes, each inherited from each parent

10
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

A second form of cell division that occurs only in the cells that give rise to sex cells (sperm and oocyte).

11
Q

How many chromosomes in Meosis?

A

Half the chromosome number, only 23.

12
Q

Why only 23 chromosomes in Meiosis?

A

When the sperm fertilizes the egg, the total number of 46 chromosomes is restored

13
Q

What is Karyokinesis?

A

This means nuclear movement, and occurs when nuclear contents divide in mitosis

14
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Stands for cell movement, and the cytoplasm is apportioned into the two daughter cells

15
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A

Chromatin fibers condense, making the individual chromosomes visible under magnification. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatics, that are attached by a region on each called a centromere

16
Q

What do the centrioles do during prophase?

A

They move to opposite sides of the cell.

17
Q

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

A

The nuclear envelope and nucleolus break apart

18
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres so that one chromatid attaches to one centromere and a fiber accompanying the other sister chromatic attaches to its centromere

19
Q

Chromosome location during Metaphase?

A

Aligned up approximately midway between the centrioles

20
Q

What occurs during Anaphase?

A

Centromeres of the chromatids separate and the sister chromatids are now considered individual chromosomes

21
Q

What occurs in telophase?

A

Chromosomes complete their migration toward the centrioles. Nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome set and nucleoli become visible within the new nuclei

22
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Begins during Anaphase when the cell membrane starts to constrict around the middle of the cell. Cleavage furrow continues to tighten throughout telophase and pinches of two cells from one