Chapter 3 - Week 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3 - Week 1 Deck (29)
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1
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

The part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment.

2
Q

What do afferent nerves do?

A

Carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joint etc to the central nervous system.

3
Q

What do efferent nerves do?

A

Carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.

4
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment.

5
Q

What do the sympathetic nerves do?

A

Stimulate, organise and mobilise energy resources in threatening situations.

6
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves do?

A

Act to conserve energy.

7
Q

The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment is the:

A

Autonomic nervous system.

8
Q

Nerves that carry sensory messages from the skin, joints eyes, and ears to the central nervous system are called what?

A

afferent nerves.

9
Q

Sympathetic nerves are part of the:

A

autonomic nervous system.

10
Q

Which nerves stimulate, organise and mobilise energy resources in threatening situations?

A

sympathetic

11
Q

The vagus nerves are the longest what?

A

cranial nerves

12
Q

The olfactory nerves and optic nerves are the only two purely sensory:

A

cranial nerves.

13
Q

The innermost meninx is the:

A

pia mater

14
Q

What space is made up of large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid which lies between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space

15
Q

The traditional view on cerebrospinal fluid production says that it is made by small blood vessels called the:

A

choroid plexus

16
Q

A tumour near the where can produce hydrocephalus?

A

cerebral aqueduct

17
Q

The cells in the brain are tightly packed and act as a what to any protein or large molecules?

A

barrier

18
Q

Define neurons

A

The cells that are specialised for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.

19
Q

What is the neuron cell membrane composed of?

A

A lipid bilayer, or two laters of fat molecules.

20
Q

What are interneurons?

A

neurons with a short axon or no axon at all, whose job it is to integrate neural activity within a single brain structure, b=not to conduct signals from one structure to another.

21
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Glial cells with extensions that wrap around the axons of some neurons of the CNS.

22
Q

Which type of glial cell guides axonal regeneration after damage?

A

Schwann cells

23
Q

Which glial cells respond to injury of disease by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris or even entire cells and triggering inflammatory responses?

A

Microglia

24
Q

What is the biggest glial cell in the body?

A

An astrocytes

25
Q

What is the major problem in studying neurons?

A

That the neurons are so tightly packed and their axons and dendrites so intricately intertwined that looking through a microscope at unprepared neural tissue reveals almost nothing about them.

26
Q

What are two types of stains which have been used to visualise neurons?

A
  1. golgi stain

2. nissl stain

27
Q

What does proximal and distal mean when describing the orientation of somethign?

A

close and far respectively.

28
Q

From front to back, what are the 5 swellings that compose the developing brain at birth?

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. mesencephalon
  4. metencephalon
  5. myelencephalon
29
Q

What are the four G’s which the limbic system is responsible for?

A
  1. Fleeing
  2. feeding
  3. fighting
  4. sexual behaviour