Chapter 3 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of logic?

A

Logic is the science of right thinking

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2
Q

What are the two main branches of logic

A

formal or “minor” logic; material or “major” logic

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3
Q

Define truth

A

correspondence to reality

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4
Q

Define validity

A

when the conclusion follows logically from the premises

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5
Q

Define soundness

A

when all the premises are true and the argument is valid

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6
Q

What is the purpose of formal logic?

A

to lead us from one truth to another

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7
Q

List the three acts of the mind involved in logic and their corresponding verbal expressions.

A

Simple apprehension - term; judgement - proposition (or statement); deductive inference - syllogism

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8
Q

What are the three things associated with simple apprehension?

A

sense perception; mental image; concept

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9
Q

Give a definition of sense perception

A

the act of seeing or hearing or smelling or tasting or touching

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10
Q

Give the definition of mental image

A

the image of an object formed in the mind as a result of a sense perception of that object

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11
Q

Give the definition of simple apprehension

A

an act by which the mind grasps the concept or general meaning of an object without affirming or denying anything about it

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12
Q

List the three acts of the mind involved in logic and their corresponding verbal expressions.

A

Simple apprehension - term; judgement - proposition (or statement); deductive inference - syllogism

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13
Q

Name the five elements represented by a concept

A

substance, material, living, sentient, rational

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14
Q

What is the extension concept ‘man’?

A

all the men there are, ever were, and ever will be

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15
Q

How do you find the comprehension of a concept?

A

List the notes (or Porphyrian Tree categories)

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16
Q

What is the relationship between extension and comprehension?

A

the greater the comprehension a concept has, the less extension it has; and the more extension it has, the less comprehension

17
Q

What does sentient mean?

A

it has senses such as sight, hearing, etc.

18
Q

What does material mean?

A

it has a body, rather than being purely spiritual - like angels

19
Q

What does substance mean?

A

It is something rather than nothing

20
Q

What are the two properties of terms

A

signification and supposition

21
Q

Give a definition of term

A

a word or group of words that verbally expresses a concept

22
Q

What are three ways terms can be divided according to signification?

A

univocal terms; equivocal terms; analogous terms

23
Q

What are univocal terms?

A

terms that have exactly the same meaning no matter when or how they are used

24
Q

What are equivocal terms?

A

terms that, although spelled and pronounced exacly alike, have entirely different and unrelated meanings

25
Q

What are analogous terms?

A

terms that are applied to different things, but have related meanings

26
Q

What is material supposition?

A

the use of a term according to its verbal existence

27
Q

What is logical supposition?

A

the use of a term according to its mental or logical existence

28
Q

What is real supposition?

A

the use of a term according to its real or actual existence

29
Q

What are the three aspects of logic?

A

apprehension, judgment, and deductive inference