Chapter 3: Nervous System Organization Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3: Nervous System Organization Deck (51)
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1
Q

SNS

A
  • somatic nervous system

- spinal and cranial nerves

2
Q

self-repair

A
  • very limited in CNS
3
Q

meninges

A
  • dura mater (outer)
  • arachnoid membrane
  • pia mater (inner)
4
Q

CSF

A
  • cerebrospinal fluid

- in subarachnoid space

5
Q

brain’s blood supply

A
  • two carotid arteries

- two vertebral arteries

6
Q

stroke

A
  • by blood clot in arteries

- worse when at the base of arteries

7
Q

stem cells

A
  • number remains constant in adults
    1. progenitor cells
    1. precursor cells
    1. blasts, either neuro- or gliablasts
8
Q

types of neurons

A
  • sensory
  • interneuron
  • motor
9
Q

bipolar neuron

A
  • a sensory neuron

- speeds information conduction

10
Q

ependymal cells

A
  • form choroid plexus
11
Q

astroglia

A
  • provide support and nutrition
12
Q

microglia

A
  • fight infections

- remove debris

13
Q

oligodendroglia

A
  • insulate CNS neurons
14
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • insulate PNS neurons
15
Q

reticular matter

A
  • mix of cell bodies and axons

- net-like appearance

16
Q

ganglia

A
  • clusters of cells in PNS
17
Q

ventricles

A
  • two lateral ventricles in cortex

- thrid and fourth in brain stem and spinal cord

18
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A
  • connects third and fourth ventricle
19
Q

prosencephalon

A
  • telencephalon and diencephalon
20
Q

mesencephalon

A
  • just the midbrain
21
Q

rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon and myencephalon

22
Q

telecephalon

A
  • cortex
  • basal ganglia
    lymbic system
23
Q

diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • pineal body
  • third ventricle
24
Q

mesencephalon

A
  • tectum
  • tegmentum
  • cerebral aqueduct
25
Q

metencephalon

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • fourth ventricle
26
Q

myencephalon

A
  • medulla oblongata

- fourth ventricle

27
Q

cervical

A
  • head and arms
28
Q

thoraic

A
  • thorax
29
Q

sacral

A
  • front part of legs and feet

- genitals

30
Q

coccygeal

A
  • back part of legs and feet
31
Q

outer spinal cord

A
  • white matter
32
Q

interior spinal cord

A
  • grey matter
33
Q

Bell-Magendie law

A
  • motor in anterior root of spinal cord

- sensory in posterior

34
Q

aims of research on spinal cord injuries

A
  • stopping degeneration
  • inducing regrowing
  • developing movement aids
35
Q

reflex to pain and temperature

A
  • flexion reflex
36
Q

reflex to fine touch and muscle receptors

A
  • extension reflex
37
Q

posterior brainstem

A
  • for sensory functions
38
Q

anterior brainstem

A
  • for motor functions
39
Q

referred pain

A
  • pain from organs

- e.g. heart pain in shoulder and arm

40
Q

cerebellum

A
  • made up of folia, many narrow folds

- evolved parallel to cortex

41
Q

pons

A
  • upper brainstem

- vital dunctions, e.g. breathing and heart beat

42
Q

tectum

A
  • the posterior sensory component

- superior and inferior colliculi

43
Q

tegmentum

A
  • the anterior motor component
  • red nucleus
  • subs. nigra
44
Q

periaqueductal grey matter

A
  • species-typical behavior

- pain responses

45
Q

epithalamus

A
  • pineal gland (melatonine)

- habenula (hunger and thirst)

46
Q

cingulate cortex

A
  • sexual behavior

- social interactions

47
Q

corticality of limbic system

A
  • everything except amygdala is cortical
48
Q

layers V and VI

A
  • inner layers
  • pyramidal neurons
  • output
49
Q

layer IV

A
  • input from other regions
  • stellate neurons
  • the granulate cortex
50
Q

layers I, II and III

A
  • input from IV

- integration

51
Q

four types of cortical connections

A
  • long between lobes
  • short within lobes
  • interhemispheric = commisures
  • connections throught the thalamus