***Chapter 3 - Interaction Of Radiation With Matter Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in ***Chapter 3 - Interaction Of Radiation With Matter Deck (24)
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1
Q

Amount of ionization per mass of air due to X-rays and gamma rays; SI UNIT: C kg-1 (formerly Roentgen (R))

A

Exposure (X)

2
Q

Amount of energy imparted by radiation per mass; SI UNIT: Gray(Gy); (formerly rad)

1 Gy= J kg-1
1 rad=0.01 J kg-1

A

Absorbed dose (D)

3
Q

Kinetic energy transferred to charged particles per unit mass; SI UNIT: Gray(Gy)

1 Gy= J kg-1
1 rad=0.01 J kg-1

A

Kerma (K)

4
Q

Kinetic energy transferred to charged particles per unit mass of air; SI UNIT: Gray(Gy)

1 Gy= J kg-1
1 rad=0.01 J kg-1

A

Air Kerma (K air)

5
Q

Total radiation energy imparted to matter; SI UNIT: Joule (J)

A

Imparted energy

6
Q

A measure of ABSORBED DOSE weighted for the biological effectiveness of the type(s) of radiation (relative to LET photons and electrons) to produce stochastic health effects in humans; SI UNIT: Sievert (Sv) , formerly rem

A

Equivalent dose (H)

7
Q

A measure of EQUIVALENT DOSE, weighted for the biological sensitivity of the exposed tissues and organs (relative to whole body exposure) to stochastic health effects in humans; SI UNIT: Sievert (Sv), formerly rem

A

Effective Dose (E)

8
Q

Energetic charged particles interact with matter by electrical forces and lose kinetic energy via ______ (3)

A
  1. Excitation
  2. Ionization
  3. Radiative losses
9
Q

Occur when charged particles lose energy by interacting with orbital electrons in the medium (2)

A

Excitation and ionization

10
Q

Refer to the coulombic forces exerted in the charged particles when they pass in proximity to the electric field generated by the atom’s electron and protons

A

Interactions or collisional losses

11
Q

The transfer of some of the incident particles’ energy to electrons in the absorbing material , promoting them to electron orbits farther from the nucleus

A

Excitation

12
Q

Electron returning to a lower energy level, with the emission of the excitation energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or Auger electrons

A

De-excitation

13
Q

Result of an ionization

  • consists of the ejected electron and the positively charged atom
A

Ion pair

14
Q

Sometimes, the ejected electrons possess sufficient energy to produce further ionizations called the ______

A

Secondary ionization

*these electrons are called DELTA RAYS

15
Q

Average number of primary and secondary ion pairs produce per unit length of the charged particle’s path

A

Specific ionization

*expressed in ion pairs (IP)/mm

16
Q

As the alpha particle slows, the specific ionization increases to a maximum called the ____

A

Bragg peak

17
Q

Defined as the distance the particle travels

A

Path length

18
Q

Defined as the depth of penetration of the particle in matter

A

Range

19
Q

A measure of the average amount of energy deposited locally (near the incident particle track) in the absorber per unit path length

  • expressed in units of keV or eV per um
  • describes the local energy deposition density , which can have a substantial impact on the biological consequences of radiation exposure
A

Linear energy transfer (LET)

20
Q

Refers to an interaction that deflects a particle or photo from its original trajectory

A

Scattering

21
Q

A scattering event in which the total kinetic energy of the colliding particles is unchanged is called _____

A

Elastic

22
Q

Type of interaction when scattering occurs with a loss of kinetic energy

A

Inelastic

23
Q

Radiation emission accompanying electron deceleration

A

BREMSSTRAHLUNG

- “braking radiation”

24
Q

The fate of positrons (B+) that ultimately become bound to atoms

A

Positron annihilation