Chapter 3 - Cell Structure Flashcards
what are the features of the nucleus?
- nucleolus - chromatin - nucleur envelope - nucleur pores
what are the functions of a nucleus?
- where the chromosomes are - control cell activity - nucleolus makes ribosomes
what is the RER and what is it’s function?
- network of fluid filled membranes - usually attached to the nucleus - covered in ribosomes/ modifies and folds proteins
Describe the SER.
network of fluid filled sacks - not attached to nucleus
describe the golgi apparatus
-fluid filled sacs - modifies and packages proteins/ lipids - makes vesicles for exocytosis /lysosomes
what is the function of a lysosome?
- they contain digestive enzyme (lysozymes) to hydrolyse pathogens or old organelles
name the parts of a mitochondria
matrix - like cytoplasm cristae - peaks on double membrane outer membrane
what is the function of mitochondria?
the site of aerobic respiration - ADP is phosphorylated to make ATP
what are the parts of the chloroplasts?
thylakoids are stacked up into grana starch grains lamellae double membrane stroma
what is the function of chloroplasts?
it is the site of photosynthesis it absorbs light energy
describe the cell wall
it is a strong structural wall that protects the cell from changing shape (keeps it turgid)
what is the cell wall made up of in plants/algae, fungi, and bacteria?
plants/algae - cellulose bacteria - murein fungi - chitin
describe the vacuole and its functions
the vacuole keeps the cell turgid/contains salt and sugars and stops the cell freezing
describe the ribosome
very small, often attached to the RER, made of proteins and RNA
what is the function of ribosomes
protein synthesis
describe the structure of a virus
