Chapter 3: Blood Products Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 3: Blood Products Deck (24)
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1
Q

All blood products carry the risk of HIV and hepatitis except..

A

Albumin and serum globulins (theses are heat treated)

2
Q

What is donated blood screened for?

A

HIV. HepB. HepC. HTLV. Syphillis. West Nile virus.

3
Q

When would you use CMV-negative blood?

A

Low birth-weight infants. Bone marrow transplant patients. Other transplant patients.

4
Q

1 cause of death from transfusion reaction

A

Clerical error leading to ABO incompatibility

5
Q
  • Universal donor.

- Contains no antigents

A

Type O blood

6
Q

Is stored blood right or left shift of oxygen?

A

Left shift: stored blood is low in 2,3-DPG. (has increased affinity for oxygen).

7
Q

Three types of hemolytic reactions from blood transfusion

A
  • Acute hemolysis
  • Delayed hemolysis
  • Nonimmune hemolysis
8
Q
  • From ABO incompatibility; antibody mediated.
  • S/S: back pain, chills, tachycardia, fever, hemoglobinuria.
  • Can lead to ATN, DIC, shock.
A

Acute hemolysis

9
Q

Diagnosis of acute hemolysis from transfusion reaction

A

Haptoglobin 5g/dL, increase in unconjugated bilirubin

10
Q

Treatment for acute hemolysis from transfusion reaction

A

Fluids, diuretics, HCO3-, pressors, histamine blockers (Benadryl)

11
Q

How does acute hemolysis from blood transfusion present in anesthetized patients?

A

Diffuse bleeding

12
Q

Transfusion reaction:

  • Antibody-mediated against minor antigens.
  • Tx: observe if stable.
A

Delayed hemolysis

13
Q

Transfusion reaction:
- From squeezed blood.
Tx: fluids and diuretics

A

Nonimmune hemolysis

14
Q

Most common transfusion reaction

A

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

15
Q

Transfusion reaction:
- Usually recipient antibody reaction against donor WBCs
Tx: discontinue transfusion
- Use WBC filters for subsequent transfusions

A

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

16
Q

Transfusion reaction:
- Bronchospasm, hypotension, urticaria.
- Usually recipient antibodies against donor IgA in an IgA-deficient patient.
Tx: fluids, Lasix, pressors, steroids, epinephrine, histamine blockers (Benadryl)

A

Anaphylaxis

17
Q

Transfusion reaction:
- Usually non hemolytic
- Usually recipient antibodies against donor plasma proteins or IgA in an IgA-deficient patient
Tx: histamine blockers (Benadryl), supportive

A

Urticaria

18
Q

Transfusion reaction:

  • Rare
  • Caused by donor antibodies to recipient’s WBCs, clot in pulmonary capillaries
A

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

19
Q

What is the problem with hypothermia in transfusion?

A

Cold: poor clotting can be caused by cold products or cold body temperature; patient needs to be warm to clot correctly.

20
Q

When does dilution thrombocytopenia occur with blood transfusion?

A

Occurs after 10 units of PRBCs

21
Q

What is the problem with hypocalemia with clotting?

A

Can cause poor clotting.

- Occurs with massive transfusion, Ca is required fro the clotting cascade

22
Q

MC bacterial contaminate

A

GNRs (usually E. coli)

23
Q

MC blood product source of contamination

A

Platelets (not refrigerated)

24
Q

Can be transmitted with blood transfusion (sleeping sickness)

A

Chaga’s disease