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Flashcards in Chapter 3 Deck (25)
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1
Q

what is a unitary government?

A

a national polity governed as a single unit, with the central government exercising all or most of political authority

2
Q

what is the opposite of a unitary government?

A

a confederation

3
Q

what is a federal system?

A

power is divided and shared between national and state governments

4
Q

what complicates American federalism?

A

local governments, which rely on state government for their authority

5
Q

what are the four advantages to state level policy?

A

reflects local needs, enables innovations in the laboratory of democracy, protects rights, and enhances choice

6
Q

what are the four advantages of national level policy?

A

enhances fairness (avoiding a race to the bottom), equalizes resources, promotes national standards and best practices, and facilitates coordination

7
Q

what is the necessary and proper clause?

A

the constitutional declaration that defines Congress’s authority to exercise “the necessary and proper” powers to carry out its designated functions

8
Q

what are implied powers?

A

national government powers implied by, but not specifically named in, the Constitution

9
Q

what is Supremacy clause?

A

the constitutional declaration that the national government’s authority prevails over and conflicting state or local government’s claims, provided the power is granted to the federal government

10
Q

what are inherent powers?

A

powers not specified or implied by the constitution, but necessary for the president or congress to fulfill their duties

11
Q

what are the states’ reserved powers?

A

public education, public health, public morality, commerce within the state, and organizing state elections

12
Q

what are concurrent powers?

A

shared responsibilities between state and national governments

13
Q

what is the full faith and credit clause?

A

the constitutional requirement that each state must recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state

14
Q

what is dual federalism?

A

clear division of governing authority between national and state governments, layer cake

15
Q

what is cooperative federalism?

A

mingled governing authority, with functions overlapping across national and state governments, marble cake

16
Q

what are grants-in-aid?

A

national government funding provided to state and local governments. along with specific instructions about how to use them

17
Q

what is New Federalism?

A

a version of cooperative federalism, but with less oversight by the fed government, which still provided funds, and more control on the state and local level (multiflavored marble cake)

18
Q

what are block grants?

A

national government funding provided to state and local governments, with relatively few restrictions or requirements on spending

19
Q

what is progressive federalism?

A

national government sets broad goals for a program, and relies on state innovations to achieve them

20
Q

what is an unfunded mandate?

A

an obligation imposed on state or local government officials by federal legislation, without sufficient federal funding support to cover the costs

21
Q

devolution

A

the transfer of authority from national to state or local government level

22
Q

what is preemption?

A

the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law

23
Q

obergefell v hodges?

A

same sex marriage countrywide

24
Q

what is nationalism?

A

can be good, can be bad @white nationalism

25
Q

what is civic volunteerism?

A

citizens voluntarily participating in public life without government involvement