Selection
NOTICING some things and ignoring ignoring ignoring others.
Organization
Arranging information in some meaningful way; classifying someone/thing by schemes (called perceptual schema)
Perceptual Schema
Classifications for people/things that shape the way we think about and communicate with others e.g. appearance, social role, gender, interaction style, etc.
Stereotyping
Exaggerated generalizations associated with a categorizing system
Punctuation
Describes the determination of causes and effects in a series of interactions (e.g. You nagged me so I’, withdrawing versus you’re withdrawing so that’s why I’m nagging you)
Interpretation
Making sense of our selected and organized perceptions e.g. is the person smiling across the crowded room being polite or romantically interested
Negotiation
The idea that sense-making occurs between and among people as they influence one another’s perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective; views interpersonal communication as an exchange of stories
Narratives
The stories we use to describe our personal worlds
Ethnocentrism
The attitude that one’s own culture is superior to others
Gender Roles
Socially approved ways that men and women are expected to behave
Androgynous
A psychological sex-type combining masculine and feminine traits
Attribution
Describes the process of attaching meaning to behavior
Self-serving bias
To try to convince ourselves and others that the positive face we show to the world is true, we tend to judge ourselves in the most generous terms possible
Halo effect
The tendency to form an overall positive impression of a person on the basis of one positive characteristic
Perception checking
- Describe the behavior you noticed
- Offer at least 2 possible interpretations of the behavior
- Request clarification about how to interpret the behavior
Empathy
The ability to re-create another person’s perspective, to experience the world from the other’s point of view
Sympathy
Viewing the other person’s situation from your point of view
Pillow Method
PIllow has 4 sides and 1 middle: a way to view things from different perspectives to gain valuable insights–
- I’m right, you’re wrong
- You’re right, I’m wrong
- Both right, both wrong
- The issue isn’t as important as it seems
- There is truth in all 4 perspectives
Perception Process/”SOIN”
- Selection
- Organization
- Interpretation
- Negotiation